مستر/ عصام الجاويش
12-01-2009, 12:16 AM
موضوع Grammar Exceptions ده مفيد ياريت نستفيد منه
You all know that we usually use the simple present to express:
Habitual actions
Opinions and preferences
Truths and facts
You also know that the standard construction is the following:
Positive: Tom goes to the beach on Saturdays
Negative: Mary doesn't like to eat fish on Fridays.
Interrogative: Do they work in New York?
Here are some simple present exceptions/extra possibilities
Exception 1
In order to add stress to a positive sentence we can use the auxiliary verb "to do". We often use this exception when we are contradicting what someone else has said.
Example:
A: I don't think Peter wants to come with us this summer. He told me that he wouldn't be able to come, but I think he just doesn't want to come with us.
B: No, that's not true. Peter does want to come. It's just that he has too much work and can't get away from the office.
Exception 2
The simple present can also be used for the future!! We use the simple present to express future, scheduled, events with verbs that express beginning and end, or departure and arrival.
Example:
A: When does the train for Paris leave?
B: It leaves at 7 tomorrow morning.
Exception 3
We use the simple present in time clauses when talking about future events. The when is expressed with the simple present. The result is expressed with a future form, usually the future with will. Time clauses are introduced by time signifiers such as when, as soon as, before, after etc. The construction is the same as the first conditional except that we use a time signifier such as "as soon as" instead of "if".
Example:
A: When are you going to come and see the new house?
B: We will come as soon as we finish the Smith project.
Exception 4
We often use the simple present when we write time lines or biographical outlines - even if all the events take place in the past!
Example:
1911 - Pete Wilson is born in Seattle, Washington.
1918 - Pete begins to play the saxophone
1927 - Pete is discovered by Fat Man Wallace
1928 - Fat Man Wallace arranges Pete's first concert with Big Fanny and the Boys in New York
1936 - Pete goes to Paris
Etc.
Exception 5
In the question form we usually use the auxiliary verb "to do". However, if the question word/words (usually who, which or what) express the subject and not the object of the sentence, the question is asked using positive sentence structure with a question mark. By the way, this is true of other tenses as well!
Example:
Regular: Who do you work with? (some people prefer "Whom do you work with?")
Exception: Who works with you?
Regular: Which toothpaste do you use?
Exception: Which brands of toothpaste use fluoride?
Time Words
Time words cause a great deal of confusion to English learners. Here are some exceptions concerning time words.
Exception 6
Adverbs of frequency such as regularly, usually, normally, always, often, sometimes, never etc. are generally put before the main verb. However, they can also be put at the beginning or end of a sentence.
Example:
Regular: John usually arrives home at 5 o'clock.
Also possible: Usually John arrives home at 5 o'clock OR John arrives home at 5 o'clock usually.
Note: some teachers do not consider the other possibilities correct! However, if you listen carefully to native speakers, you will also hear these forms used.
Exception 7
The verb "to be" also causes special problems. If the adverb of frequency is placed in the middle of the sentence (as is usually the case) it must follow the verb "to be".
Example:
Regular: Fred often eats in a bar and grill.
To be: Fred is often late to work.
Exception 8
This is one of the strangest uses of adverbs of frequency. Negative adverbs of frequency used in the initial position of a sentence must be followed by question word order! These adverbs include rarely, never, and seldom.
Example:
Regular: Patricia rarely finishes work before 7 p.m..
Initial placement: Seldom does John play volleyball.
The above exceptions are certainly not the only exceptions! However, they are some of the most common exceptions. I hope this discussion has helped you.
You all know that we usually use the simple present to express:
Habitual actions
Opinions and preferences
Truths and facts
You also know that the standard construction is the following:
Positive: Tom goes to the beach on Saturdays
Negative: Mary doesn't like to eat fish on Fridays.
Interrogative: Do they work in New York?
Here are some simple present exceptions/extra possibilities
Exception 1
In order to add stress to a positive sentence we can use the auxiliary verb "to do". We often use this exception when we are contradicting what someone else has said.
Example:
A: I don't think Peter wants to come with us this summer. He told me that he wouldn't be able to come, but I think he just doesn't want to come with us.
B: No, that's not true. Peter does want to come. It's just that he has too much work and can't get away from the office.
Exception 2
The simple present can also be used for the future!! We use the simple present to express future, scheduled, events with verbs that express beginning and end, or departure and arrival.
Example:
A: When does the train for Paris leave?
B: It leaves at 7 tomorrow morning.
Exception 3
We use the simple present in time clauses when talking about future events. The when is expressed with the simple present. The result is expressed with a future form, usually the future with will. Time clauses are introduced by time signifiers such as when, as soon as, before, after etc. The construction is the same as the first conditional except that we use a time signifier such as "as soon as" instead of "if".
Example:
A: When are you going to come and see the new house?
B: We will come as soon as we finish the Smith project.
Exception 4
We often use the simple present when we write time lines or biographical outlines - even if all the events take place in the past!
Example:
1911 - Pete Wilson is born in Seattle, Washington.
1918 - Pete begins to play the saxophone
1927 - Pete is discovered by Fat Man Wallace
1928 - Fat Man Wallace arranges Pete's first concert with Big Fanny and the Boys in New York
1936 - Pete goes to Paris
Etc.
Exception 5
In the question form we usually use the auxiliary verb "to do". However, if the question word/words (usually who, which or what) express the subject and not the object of the sentence, the question is asked using positive sentence structure with a question mark. By the way, this is true of other tenses as well!
Example:
Regular: Who do you work with? (some people prefer "Whom do you work with?")
Exception: Who works with you?
Regular: Which toothpaste do you use?
Exception: Which brands of toothpaste use fluoride?
Time Words
Time words cause a great deal of confusion to English learners. Here are some exceptions concerning time words.
Exception 6
Adverbs of frequency such as regularly, usually, normally, always, often, sometimes, never etc. are generally put before the main verb. However, they can also be put at the beginning or end of a sentence.
Example:
Regular: John usually arrives home at 5 o'clock.
Also possible: Usually John arrives home at 5 o'clock OR John arrives home at 5 o'clock usually.
Note: some teachers do not consider the other possibilities correct! However, if you listen carefully to native speakers, you will also hear these forms used.
Exception 7
The verb "to be" also causes special problems. If the adverb of frequency is placed in the middle of the sentence (as is usually the case) it must follow the verb "to be".
Example:
Regular: Fred often eats in a bar and grill.
To be: Fred is often late to work.
Exception 8
This is one of the strangest uses of adverbs of frequency. Negative adverbs of frequency used in the initial position of a sentence must be followed by question word order! These adverbs include rarely, never, and seldom.
Example:
Regular: Patricia rarely finishes work before 7 p.m..
Initial placement: Seldom does John play volleyball.
The above exceptions are certainly not the only exceptions! However, they are some of the most common exceptions. I hope this discussion has helped you.