Reported speech [الأرشيف] - بوابة الثانوية العامة المصرية

Mr naser

03-02-2009, 10:22 PM

Direct and Indirect ( Reported Speech )

الكلام المباشر و الغير مباشر

Direct Speech الكلام المباشر هو كلام المتكلم نفسه بدون تغير
Reported Speech الكلام الغير مباشر هو كلام ينقله شخص من شخص إلي شخص أخر
عند التحويل من مباشر إلي غير مباشر في الجملة الخبريةنتبع الأتي :
1 – تبقي say و said كما هي أما إذا كانت say to تحول إلي tell و said to إلي told .
وتحول ايضا اذا وجد مخاطب حاخل الاقواس
2 - تبقي ألازمنه كما هي داخل الأقواس دون تغير إذا كان فعل القول say أو says .
3 - تتغير الأزمنة داخل الأقواس إذا كان فعل القول said إلي الماضي .

Present Simple Past Simple

Present Continuous " am – is – are + ving " Past Continuous " was – were +ving"

Present Perfect " have -has +PP " Past Perfect " had +PP "

Past Simple Past perfect

Can / will / shall / may could / would / should / might

Must / have to / has to + inf. Had to + inf.

Must be must have +pp.

Can't be can't have been

4- تحذف الأقواس ونربط بthat ونستطيع حذفها .

انتبه

تحول الضمائر إلي ألأتي
المتكلم داخل الأقواس ( I – We ) يعود علي المتكلم خارج الأقواس
المخاطب داخل الأقواس " you " يعود علي المخاطب خارج الأقواس
تحول you إلي I إذا لم يوجد مفعول خارج الأقواس .
الضمائر الآتية لا تتغير he – she – they – it
تحول ظروف الزمان و المكان للاتي :

this that

these those

here there

now then

today that day

tonight that night

yesterday the day before - the previous day

last week the week before

tomorrow the next " following " day

the day after tomorrow in two days time

the day before yesterday two days before

ملحوظة

1 - نحافظ علي زمن الجملة داخل الأقواس في الحالات :
أ – إذا كان فعل القول مضارع say - says .
He says , " I will get a high mark in English exam . "
He say that he will get a high mark in English exam .
ب – إذا كانت الجملة داخل الأقواس حقيقة .
She said , " The earth goes round the sun . "
She said that the earth goes round the sun .
2 - إذا كانت must بمعني يجب أي حتمية تحول إلي had to
The teacher said , " You must study to a plan . "
The teacher said that I had to study to a plan .
3 - إذا كانت must بمعني الاستنتاج " must be " تحول إلي must have been
He said to me , " This man must be the new manager . "
He told me that man must have been the new manager .
4 - إذا فعل القول في نهاية الجملة نأتي به في بداية الجملة
" You get good percentage . " I said to Rawan .
I told Rawan that she got high percentage .
5 – إذا كان المخاطب داخل الأقواس عند التحويل يخرج خارج الأقواس
Moustafa said , " I will meet you this evening , Rawan . '
Moustafa told Rawan that he would meet her that evening .
6 – إذا كانت الجملة داخل الأقواس حالة If الأولي تحول إلي الحالة الثانية
My friend said , " I will travel abroad if I pass the final exam . "
My friend said that she would travel abroad if she passed the exam .

الجملة الأمرية

يوجد نوعان من الأمر" 1 – أمر مثبت 2- أمر منفي يبدأ ب Don’t
يحول فعل القول إلي
" asked – told – ordered - advised – reminded warned "
تحذف الأقواس ونربط ب
1 – إذا كان الأمر مثبت نربط ب to + المصدر
The teacher said to the class , " Pay attention to me . "
The teacher asked the class to pay attention to him .
2 – إذا كان الأمر منفي نربط ب not to + المصدر

The teacher said to the class , " Don’t make noise . "

The teacher said to the class not to make noise .

الجملة الاستفهامية

1 - يحول فعل القول say إلي

ask , inquire , wonder , want to know

2 – أ / نحذف الأقواس ونربط بكلمة if / whether إذا كان السؤال بدأ بفعل مساعد ب / نحذف الأقواس ونربط بأداة الاستفهام إذا كان السؤال بدأ بأداة استفهام . 3 – تحول الجملة من جملة استفهامية إلي جملة خبرية أي نقدم الفعل علي الفاعل . 4 – نقوم بجميع التحويلات السابقة من ناحية الأفعال و الكلمات الزمنية . 5 – نحذف علامة الاستفهام و نضع نقطة .
My friend said to me " Have you bought a car ? "
My friend asked me if / whether I had bought a car .
He said to his friend , " When will you travel abroad ? "
He asked his friend when would he travel abroad .
She said to me , " Where did you spent the mid year holiday ? "
She asked me where I had spent my mid year holiday .

انتبه الي الاتي
accuse
to accuse someone of doing something
"It was you who ate my chocolate, Elvira, wasn't it?"
He accused Elvira of eating his chocolate.
admit
to admit doing something
to admit that...
"OK, it was me. I ate your chocolate"
Elvira admitted eating the chocolate.
Elvira admitted that she had eaten the chocolate.
advise
to advise someone to do something
"Well, if I were you I'd start saving for my retirement."
He advised me to start saving for my retirement
agree
to agree that...
"Yes, you're right, it's a terrible problem."
She agreed that it was a terrible problem.
announce
to announce that...
"I'm afraid I've got some bad news. The company's closing."
The manager announced that the company was closing.
apologise
to apologise (to someone) for doing something
"I'm sorry I didn't get to the meeting."
He apologised for not going to the meeting.
ask
to ask someone to do something
"It's very hot in here. Would you mind opening the window?"
She asked him to open the window.
blame
to blame someone for doing something
"We lost the match because you didn't save that penalty."
He blamed the goalkeeper for losing the match.
complain
to complain about something
"The electrician said he was coming at ten o'clock so I took time off work and waited in all morning...."
She complained about the electrician.
congratulate
to congratulate someone on doing something
"Well done! I knew you'd pass your driving test this time."
She congratulated him on passing his driving test.
deny
to deny doing something
to deny that...
"It most certainly wasn't me that left the front door open."
He denied leaving the front door open.
He denied that he had left the front door open.
explain
to explain why...
to explain that...
"Sorry I'm late. The traffic was bad and then I couldn't find a parking space."
He explained why he was late.
He explained that the traffic was bad.
forget
to forget to do something
"Oh no, I haven't got any money. I didn't go to the bank."
He forgot to go to the bank.
invite
to invite someone to do something
"Would you like to come to our house for dinner on Friday?
He invited them to come to dinner on Friday.
offer
to offer to do something for someone
"Those bags must be heavy, John. Shall I take one?"
She offered to carry a bag for him.
promise
to promise to do something
"Yes, honest, I'll be there on time. I won't be late."
He promised not to be late.
refuse
to refuse to do something
"Well I'm not washing up. I did it last time."
He refused to do the washing-up.
remind
to remind someone to do something
"Remember you have to go to the bank. You forgot yesterday."
She reminded me to go to the bank.
suggest
to suggest that someone should do something
to suggest that someone do something
"Why don't you go to the dentist if your tooth hurts?"
She suggested that he should go to the dentist.
She suggested that he went to the dentist.
threaten
to threaten to do something
"If you're late again we'll start without you."
They threatened to start without him.
warn
to warn someone about something
to warn someone (not) to do something
"Don't drive too quickly. The streets are very icy."
He warned him about the ice.
He warned him not to drive too quickly.