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Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Conan Doyle wrote four novels (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novel) and fifty-six short stories (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_story) that feature Holmes. The first two stories, short novels, appeared in Beeton's Christmas Annual for 1887 and Lippincott's Monthly Magazine (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippincott%27s_Monthly_Magazine) in 1890, respectively. The character grew tremendously in popularity with the beginning of the first series of short stories in The Strand Magazine (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strand_Magazine) in 1891; further series of short stories and two ******ised (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/******_(literature)) novels appeared until 1927. The stories cover a period from around 1878 up to 1907, with a final case in 1914.
All but four stories are narrated by Holmes's friend and biographer, Dr John H. Watson (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Watson_(Sherlock_Holmes)); two are narrated by Sherlock Holmes himself, and two others are written in the third person.
Conan Doyle said[citation needed (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)] that the character of Holmes was inspired by Dr Joseph Bell (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Bell), for whom Doyle had worked as a clerk at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_Royal_Infirmary). Like Sherlock Holmes, Bell was noted for drawing large conclusions from the smallest observations. Michael Harrison has argued in a 1971 article in Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellery_Queen%27s_Mystery_Magazine) that the character was inspired by Wendell Scherer a "consulting detective" in a murder case that allegedly received a great deal of newspaper attention in England in 1882.[1] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-0#cite_note-0) However, the London Times online archive has no reference to a Wendell Scherer between 1875 and 1905.[citation needed (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)]
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sherlock_Holmes&action=edit§ion=2)] Family and life
An estimate of Holmes' age in the short story "His Last Bow (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His_Last_Bow)" places his year of birth around 1854; most say his date of birth was 6 January 1854. However, on her website, Laurie R. King gives an argument for a younger Holmes, with a birthdate somewhere between 1863 and 1868[2] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-1#cite_note-1).
Not much is said of Holmes' parents, yet he has an older brother, Mycroft Holmes (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycroft_Holmes), a government official, who appears in three stories: "The Greek Interpreter (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Greek_Interpreter)", "The Final Problem (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Final_Problem)", and "The Bruce-Partington Plans (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Bruce-Partington_Plans)". He is also mentioned in a number of others, including "The Empty House (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Empty_House)". Mycroft has a unique civil service position as a kind of memory-man for all aspects of government policy — a kind of walking database. Mycroft is even more gifted than Sherlock in matters of observation and deduction but he is not a man of action, preferring to spend his time at the Diogenes Club (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diogenes_Club), described as a club for the most un-clubbable men in London.
In "The Adventure of the Copper Beeches (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Copper_Beeches)", Holmes says, "I confess that it is not the situation which I should like to see a sister of mine apply for." Watson also comments, "And yet he would always wind up by muttering that no sister of his should ever have accepted such a situation." However, this may be a figure of speech, not necessarily having any bearing on whether or not Holmes has a sister.
In "The Greek Interpreter", Holmes also claims that his grandmother was the sister of Vernet (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Vernet), the French (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France) artist. Cases such as "The Adventure of the Gloria Scott (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Gloria_Scott)" and "The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Musgrave_Ritual)" offer a glimpse into Holmes' early years. Holmes first began developing his methods of deduction as a university student, before being inspired by an encounter with the father of one of his classmates to take them up as a profession. According to Holmes, his first cases came from fellow university students such as Reginald Musgrave, before he gained a professional reputation. He would spend the next six years working as a consulting detective, before financial difficulties led him to take Watson as a roommate to help with the rent.
At the beginning of "The Adventure of the Veiled Lodger (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Veiled_Lodger)", Watson states that Holmes "was in active practice for twenty-three years"; during seventeen of these years, Watson "was allowed to cooperate with him and to keep notes of his doings."
Historically, Holmes lived from the year 1881 at 221B Baker Street (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/221B_Baker_Street), London (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London) (in early notes it was described as being situated at Upper Baker Street), a flat (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartment) up seventeen steps, where he shares many of his professional years with his good friend Dr Watson (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Watson) for some time before Watson's marriage in 1887 and after Mrs Watson's (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Morstan) death. The residence is maintained by his landlady, Mrs Hudson (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs._Hudson). In almost all of the stories, Holmes is assisted by the practical Watson, who is not only a friend but also his chronicler (his "Boswell (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Boswell)"). Most of Holmes' stories are told as narratives, by Watson, of the detective's solutions to crimes brought to his attention by clients. Holmes sometimes criticises Watson for his writings, usually because he relates them as exciting stories rather than as objective and detailed reports focusing on what Holmes regards as the pure "science" of his craft. In three stories (The Sign of Four (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sign_of_Four), A Study in Scarlet (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet), and "The Adventure of the Crooked Man (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Crooked_Man)"), Holmes is assisted by a group of street children he calls the Baker Street Irregulars (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Baker_Street_Irregulars).
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sherlock_Holmes&action=edit§ion=3)] Personality and habits
Holmes describes himself and his habits as "Bohemian (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemianism)". In his personal habits, he is very disorganised, as Watson notes in "The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Musgrave_Ritual)", leaving everything from notes of past cases to remains of chemical experiments scattered around their rooms and his tobacco (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco) inside a Persian slipper. But this appeared to be more a form of organised chaos; what appeared to be a mess to an outsider made perfect sense to Holmes. Several times throughout the entire series of books Watson commented on Holmes diving among an apparently random mess of papers and producing exactly what he was looking for. Dr Watson also states in "The Adventure of the Speckled Band (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Speckled_Band)" that Holmes is generally late to rise. In A Study in Scarlet, however, Watson states that Holmes would undoubtedly have eaten breakfast and left their apartment before he woke up every morning.
Holmes often went without food during his more intense cases:
“
My friend had no breakfast for himself, for it was one of his peculiarities that in his more intense moments he would permit himself no food, and I have known him to presume upon his iron strength until he has fainted from pure inanition.[3] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-2#cite_note-2)
”
His "biographer" Watson did not consider as a vice Holmes' habit of smoking (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_smoking) cigars (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigars), cigarettes (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarettes), and pipes (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_pipe), nor his willingness to bend the truth and break the law (e.g., lie to the police, conceal evidence, burgle, and housebreak) when it suited his purposes. Holmes and Watson considered such actions justified as done for noble purposes, such as preserving a woman's honour (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honour) or a family's reputation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reputation) (this argument is discussed by Holmes and Watson in "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milverton)
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Conan Doyle wrote four novels (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novel) and fifty-six short stories (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_story) that feature Holmes. The first two stories, short novels, appeared in Beeton's Christmas Annual for 1887 and Lippincott's Monthly Magazine (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippincott%27s_Monthly_Magazine) in 1890, respectively. The character grew tremendously in popularity with the beginning of the first series of short stories in The Strand Magazine (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strand_Magazine) in 1891; further series of short stories and two ******ised (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/******_(literature)) novels appeared until 1927. The stories cover a period from around 1878 up to 1907, with a final case in 1914.
All but four stories are narrated by Holmes's friend and biographer, Dr John H. Watson (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Watson_(Sherlock_Holmes)); two are narrated by Sherlock Holmes himself, and two others are written in the third person.
Conan Doyle said[citation needed (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)] that the character of Holmes was inspired by Dr Joseph Bell (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Bell), for whom Doyle had worked as a clerk at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_Royal_Infirmary). Like Sherlock Holmes, Bell was noted for drawing large conclusions from the smallest observations. Michael Harrison has argued in a 1971 article in Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellery_Queen%27s_Mystery_Magazine) that the character was inspired by Wendell Scherer a "consulting detective" in a murder case that allegedly received a great deal of newspaper attention in England in 1882.[1] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-0#cite_note-0) However, the London Times online archive has no reference to a Wendell Scherer between 1875 and 1905.[citation needed (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)]
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sherlock_Holmes&action=edit§ion=2)] Family and life
An estimate of Holmes' age in the short story "His Last Bow (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His_Last_Bow)" places his year of birth around 1854; most say his date of birth was 6 January 1854. However, on her website, Laurie R. King gives an argument for a younger Holmes, with a birthdate somewhere between 1863 and 1868[2] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-1#cite_note-1).
Not much is said of Holmes' parents, yet he has an older brother, Mycroft Holmes (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycroft_Holmes), a government official, who appears in three stories: "The Greek Interpreter (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Greek_Interpreter)", "The Final Problem (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Final_Problem)", and "The Bruce-Partington Plans (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Bruce-Partington_Plans)". He is also mentioned in a number of others, including "The Empty House (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Empty_House)". Mycroft has a unique civil service position as a kind of memory-man for all aspects of government policy — a kind of walking database. Mycroft is even more gifted than Sherlock in matters of observation and deduction but he is not a man of action, preferring to spend his time at the Diogenes Club (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diogenes_Club), described as a club for the most un-clubbable men in London.
In "The Adventure of the Copper Beeches (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Copper_Beeches)", Holmes says, "I confess that it is not the situation which I should like to see a sister of mine apply for." Watson also comments, "And yet he would always wind up by muttering that no sister of his should ever have accepted such a situation." However, this may be a figure of speech, not necessarily having any bearing on whether or not Holmes has a sister.
In "The Greek Interpreter", Holmes also claims that his grandmother was the sister of Vernet (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Vernet), the French (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France) artist. Cases such as "The Adventure of the Gloria Scott (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Gloria_Scott)" and "The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Musgrave_Ritual)" offer a glimpse into Holmes' early years. Holmes first began developing his methods of deduction as a university student, before being inspired by an encounter with the father of one of his classmates to take them up as a profession. According to Holmes, his first cases came from fellow university students such as Reginald Musgrave, before he gained a professional reputation. He would spend the next six years working as a consulting detective, before financial difficulties led him to take Watson as a roommate to help with the rent.
At the beginning of "The Adventure of the Veiled Lodger (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Veiled_Lodger)", Watson states that Holmes "was in active practice for twenty-three years"; during seventeen of these years, Watson "was allowed to cooperate with him and to keep notes of his doings."
Historically, Holmes lived from the year 1881 at 221B Baker Street (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/221B_Baker_Street), London (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London) (in early notes it was described as being situated at Upper Baker Street), a flat (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartment) up seventeen steps, where he shares many of his professional years with his good friend Dr Watson (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Watson) for some time before Watson's marriage in 1887 and after Mrs Watson's (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Morstan) death. The residence is maintained by his landlady, Mrs Hudson (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs._Hudson). In almost all of the stories, Holmes is assisted by the practical Watson, who is not only a friend but also his chronicler (his "Boswell (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Boswell)"). Most of Holmes' stories are told as narratives, by Watson, of the detective's solutions to crimes brought to his attention by clients. Holmes sometimes criticises Watson for his writings, usually because he relates them as exciting stories rather than as objective and detailed reports focusing on what Holmes regards as the pure "science" of his craft. In three stories (The Sign of Four (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sign_of_Four), A Study in Scarlet (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet), and "The Adventure of the Crooked Man (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Crooked_Man)"), Holmes is assisted by a group of street children he calls the Baker Street Irregulars (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Baker_Street_Irregulars).
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sherlock_Holmes&action=edit§ion=3)] Personality and habits
Holmes describes himself and his habits as "Bohemian (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemianism)". In his personal habits, he is very disorganised, as Watson notes in "The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Musgrave_Ritual)", leaving everything from notes of past cases to remains of chemical experiments scattered around their rooms and his tobacco (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco) inside a Persian slipper. But this appeared to be more a form of organised chaos; what appeared to be a mess to an outsider made perfect sense to Holmes. Several times throughout the entire series of books Watson commented on Holmes diving among an apparently random mess of papers and producing exactly what he was looking for. Dr Watson also states in "The Adventure of the Speckled Band (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Speckled_Band)" that Holmes is generally late to rise. In A Study in Scarlet, however, Watson states that Holmes would undoubtedly have eaten breakfast and left their apartment before he woke up every morning.
Holmes often went without food during his more intense cases:
“
My friend had no breakfast for himself, for it was one of his peculiarities that in his more intense moments he would permit himself no food, and I have known him to presume upon his iron strength until he has fainted from pure inanition.[3] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes#cite_note-2#cite_note-2)
”
His "biographer" Watson did not consider as a vice Holmes' habit of smoking (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_smoking) cigars (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigars), cigarettes (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarettes), and pipes (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_pipe), nor his willingness to bend the truth and break the law (e.g., lie to the police, conceal evidence, burgle, and housebreak) when it suited his purposes. Holmes and Watson considered such actions justified as done for noble purposes, such as preserving a woman's honour (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honour) or a family's reputation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reputation) (this argument is discussed by Holmes and Watson in "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milverton)