* بص وشوف هدية النجم للحبايب * ولو عجبك قول رأيك * ولا تنسي صالح دعواتك علشان المزيد * نجم فاقوس / شرقية *

شكرررررررررررا جدااااااااااااااا

vvvvvvvvvvvvvv

مشكووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووو ووووور

thank you very much

شكرا على كل هذا الجهد

Personal Pronouns . . الضمائر الشخصية
الضمير الشخصي يحل محل الاسم بنفس الاستخدام وتنقسم الضمائر إلي :
فاعل
subject
مفعول
object
possessive ملكية
المعني
meaning
استخدامه
usage
صفة ملكية
لا يتبعه اسم
I
me
my +
mine
أنا
للمتكلم
He
him
his +
his
هو
للغائب
She
her
her
hers
هي
للغائبة
It
it
its
------
هو / هي
لغير العاقل
You
you
your
yours
أنت/ أنتم
للمخاطب(ة
We
us
our
ours
نحن
للمتكلمين
They
them
their
theirs
هم / هن
للغائبين

ملاحظات هامة :
1- ضمائر الفاعل تأتي في الجملة قبل الفعل وفي السؤال بعد الفعل
المساعد.
I play football . He comes late . It rains .
Are they at home ? Can you speak English ?
Where do you live? Why is she running?
2- ضمير المفعول يأتي بعد الفعل ولا يأتي في أول الجملة .
Ahmed phoned me . The teacher gave her a present.
They met us. We saw them. Ask him to help you.
3- ضمير الملكية المتبوع (صفة الملكية) يتبعه الاسم المملوك ويأتي
فاعلا أو مفعولا أي قبل الفعل أو بعده .
My book is on the desk. This is my book .
Our class is very clean. She talked to her mother.
4-ضمير الملكية الغير متبوع(بدون اسم بعده)يستخدم بعد الفعل أي مفعول
That bag is mine. The books on the table are hers.
These pens are ours . That one is yours .
5- ضمير المخاطب (You) وتصريفاته يستخدم للمفرد والجمع بدون
تغيير.
You are a good boy.مفرد) ) You are good boys. جمع))
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Helping verbs الأفعال المساعدة
الفعل المساعد له استخدامات كثيرة في اللغة الإنجليزية ؛ فقد يستخدم كفعل مساعد لتكوين النفي والسؤال أو تكوين أزمنة مركبة الفعل( تامة - مستمرة - مستقبل- ..... الخ ) ومنها :-
1- Verb to Be 1- فعل ( كُــــنْ )
ويستخدم كفعل رئيسي في الجملة بمعني ( يكون ) ويتبعه اسم أو صفة أو كفعل مساعد لتكوين الأزمنة المستمرة أو المبني للمجهول .
ويصرف كما يلي :
مصدر
تصريف أول
تصريف ثاني
تصريف ثالث
اسم مفعول
be
am / is
was
been
being
are
were

* ويصرف(verb to be) في زمن المضارع والماضي مع الفاعل كما يلي:
subject present past
I am (’m) was
He / She / It / اسم مفرد is (’s) was
We / You / They / اسم جمع are (’re) were
*عند النفي نضع بعده كلمة ( (notوعند تكوين السؤال يوضع قبل الفاعل.
This year we are in prep one . He is a doctor .
Last year we were in class six. They are at home.
She isn’t playing chess now. Ali wasn’t ill.
Where are you from ? Is she sweeping the floor?
2- Verb to Have 2- فعل ( يمتلك )
ويستخدم كفعل رئيسي في الجملي بمعني ( يمتلك / لديه / يتناول ) ويتبعه اسم؛ أو كفعل مساعد لتكوين الأزمنة التامة ويصرف كما يلي:
مصدر
تصريف أول
تصريف ثاني
تصريف ثالث
اسم مفعول
have
have / has
had
had
having

*ويصرف (verb to have) في زمن المضارع والماضي مع الفاعل كما يلي :
subject present past
He / She / It / اسم مفرد has (’s) had (’d)
I / We / You / They / اسم جمع have (’vet) had (’d)
*إذا استخدم كفعل رئيسي بالجملة فعند النفي نستخدم فعل(verb to do)
كفعل مساعد كما يلي:(don’t / doesn’t / didn’t + have) ؛
وعند تكوين السؤال نستخدم ( do / does / did + subject + have)
*إذا تستخدم كفعل مساعد متبوعا بالتصريف الثالث للفعل الرئيسي فعند
النفي نضع بعده كلمة (not) وعند تكوين السؤال يوضع قبل الفاعل.
I have a car. I don’t have a car. Do you have a car?
He has some money. He doesn’t have any money.
Does he have any money? What does he have?
Mai had a new dress. Mai didn’t have a new dress.
What did Mai have? Did Mai have a anew dress?
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
3- Verb to Do 3- فعل ( يفعل )
ويستخدم كفعل رئيسي في الجملي بمعني ( يفعل / يؤدي ) ويتبعه اسم ؛ أو كفعل مساعد لتكوين النفي و الإستفهام عند عدم وجود فعلا مساعدا بالجملة ؛ ويصرف كما يلي :
مصدر
تصريف أول
تصريف ثاني
تصريف ثالث
اسم مفعول
do
do / does
did
done
doing

*ويصرف (v. to do) في زمن المضارع والماضي مع الفاعل كما يلي:
subject present past
He / She / It / اسم مفرد does did
I / We / You / They / اسم جمع do did
* يستخدم كفعل رئيسي بالجملة بمعني (يفعل / يقوم بـ) مثل :
She does her homework. I did the shopping.
He did some exercises. They do their best.
* عند عدم وجود فعلا مساعدا بالجملة نستخدم (v. to do) مع تحويل الفعل الرئيسي للمصدر عند تكوين النفي أو الإستفهام (السؤال) .
They played football. They didn’t play football.
Did they play football? What did they play?
Samy drinks tea. Samy doesn’t drink tea.
What does Samy drink? Does Samy drink tea?
I get up late. I don’t get up late .
Do I / you get up late?
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
4- Defective verbs 4- الأفعال الناقصة
* وهي أفعال ليس لها مصدر أو تصريف ثالث ولا تستخدم كفعل رئيسي بالجملة ويتبعها الفعل الرئيسي في المصدر وتصرف كما يلي:
shall ---- should & will ---- would & can ---- could
may ---- might & must ---- ought to / had to
* وتستخدم كفعلا مساعدا بالجملة ؛ عند النفي نضع بعدها كلمة (not) وعند تكوين السؤال يوضع الفعل الناقص قبل الفاعل .
She will travel. She will not (won’t) travel.
Ali might visit us. They can’t do this exercise.
Where will you stay? You mustn’t smoke here.
May I use your camera? Would you like to go out?
5- Demonstrative nouns 5- أسماء الإشارة
* وتستخدم عند الإشارة إلي الأشياء كما يلي :
1- This 1- هذا / هذه (اسم إشارة للقريب المفرد)
This is my class. This house is mine. What is this?
2- That 2- تلك / ذلك (اسم إشارة للبعيد المفرد)
That is my bag. That book is yours. What is that?
3- These 3- هؤلا (اسم إشارة للقريب الجمع)
These are her books. My pens are these.
What are these?
4- Those 4- أولئك (اسم إشارة للبعيد الجمع)
Those birds can’t fly. She didn’t wash those shirts.
Whose are those pencils? Your pens are those.
6- Adverb of Place. 6- ظرف المكان
1- Here 1- هنا ( ظرف مكان للقريب )
*Here is your house. Here are my books.
My pen is here.
2- There 2- هناك ( ظرف مكان للبعيد )
*There is a bird on the table. There are some birds.
** يراعي أن ظرف المكان يستخدم مع المفرد والجمع كما سبق .
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
7- Reflexive Pronouns. 7- الضمائر المنعكسة.
الضمير المنعكس يستخدم عندما يعود الكلام علي الشخص الرئيسي في الجملة ( فاعلا أو مفعولا أو ضمير ملكية ... ) وهي حسب ضمائر الفاعل :
I --- myself & He --- himself & She --- herself
It --- itself & You --- yourself ( للمفــرد )
We --- ourselves & They --- themselves
You --- yourselves ( للجمــع )
Examples on reflexive pronouns.
* I baked these cakes by myself.
* We enjoyed ourselves at the party.
* Huda always does her homework by herself.
* They washed themselves.
* Ali and I enjoyed ourselves.
* You should help yourself at home.
* You should help yourselves during the party.
* Mother told us to clean the house ourselves.
* My father is washing the car by himself.
* The cat always cleans itself.
* I told the students to answer the test by themselves.
* The baby can’t feed itself.
* The girls lifted the heavy box by themselves.
* Behave yourself. (مفرد) * Behave yourselves. (جمع)
Choose the correct answer:
1- ( Him - He - His ) is my teacher .
2- (They - Them - Their) house isn’t far from here.
3- The teacher asked(my - me - mine - I)to come early
4- Mother told (we - our - us - ours) to tidy the room.
5- (She - Her - Hers) was at home yesterday.
6- Last year we (are - was - were - ’re ) in prep one.
7- Aya is (make - makes - making - made)some tarts.
8- They ( have - has - having ) lunch at three o’clock.
9-This year he (was- is-are-’m)in grade three primary.
10- Anas (have - having - has) a new bike .
11- (This - These - Those) is my chair.
12- You should make the tea (you -yourself -himself).
13- The cat cut (it -its -their) tail and washed (it - its -
him).
14- I ( ’s - ’re - ’m - were ) interested in watching
cartoon films on T.V .
15- (These - This - That) are my pens .
16- Yesterday Hany (are - were - was) in Cairo.
17- Soha (had - have - has) a nice day yesterday.
18- A good student should depend on (myself -
himself - themselves ) .
19- (These - There - Those) was a fire in the factory
last night.
20- Samy (don’t - didn’t - doesn’t) have a computer.
21- Hend and Aya didn’t (come - comes - coming)
early.
22- Tomorrow we (should - shall - were) buy a house.
23- (Are they - They are - Were they) at school
yesterday?
24- (There is - Is there - There was) any thing here?
25- There (are - is - was) many children in the class.
26- (My - I - Me) house is next to the mosque .
27- What (you have - you has - have you) bought?
28- Salwa (do - did - does) the shopping last night.
29- The students have to answer the test by (himself -
themselves - herself) .
30- (She - Her - Hers) welcomed (we - us - our) .
31- (Me - I) saw (your - you - yours) father running .
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
1-The Present Simple Tense: (١) زمن المضارع البسيط:
# تكوينه:-
4 يتكون زمن المضارع البسيط من الفعل في التصريف الأول أي
( المصدر بدون to ) .
& I play è We go è You washè They drinkè
The boys write è Mai and Hend watch è (etc)
# ملاحظــات:-
4 إذا كان فاعل الجملة مفردا غائبا أى ( - It - She - Heاسم مفرد)
يضاف للفعل ((s - es ويراعي الآتي :
♣ يضاف (es) للفعل المنتهى بأحد الحروف الآتية :-
( ss - sh – ch – o - x) مثل:-
& pass è passes & washè washes & goè goes
teachè teaches & mixè mixes .
♣ الفعل المنتهى بحرف ( y) مسبوقا بحرف ساكن تقلب إلى (i )
ويضاف (es) مثل:-
& studyè studies & flyè flies & carry è carries
♣ يضاف حرف (s) فقط في غير الحالات السابقة مثل:-
& work è works & getè gets & write è writes
playè plays & runè runs & stayè stays
# استخدامه :-
4 يستخدم للتعبير عن عادة متكررة (habit) أو حقيقة علمية (fact)
ÆIt rains in Egypt in winter .ÆWater boils by heating.
Æ I go to school on foot . ÆHe gets up early.
♥ كما يستخدم مع كلمات داله على تكرار حدوث الفعل أي (ظرف التكرار) مثل : always è usually è sometimes è
often è ever è neverè once a ( day - month -
every (day - night - week - month -year) .. (etc.)
Æ Mr. Najm never comes late .
ÆI usually eat fish for lunch .
ÆNora travels to Aswan every year.
ÆDoes he ever play chess?
ÆWe sometimes go for a walk.
ÆEvery day Sameh plays tines .
Æ He plays chess once a week.
# النفـــي:-
4 عند نفى جملة في زمن المضارع البسيط نضعكلمة (not) بعد الفعل المساعد
ÆThey are at home. è They are not at home.
ÆShe is a nurse. è She is not a nurse.
♥ وعند عدم وجود فعل مساعد بالجملة نستخدم :
(مصدر don't / doesn't +) ثم مصدر الفعل كما يلي :-
♣ تستخدم (don't) مع الفاعل (I/ We / You/They والاسم
الجمع).
ÆI drink tea at night. è I don't drink tea at night.
ÆThey arrive late. èThey don’t arrive late.
♣ تستخدم (doesn't) مع الفاعل ( He- She - It - والاسم
المفرد) .
ÆShe eats snakes. è She doesn't eat snakes.
ÆAly comes late. è Aly doesn't come late.
# الاستفهام:-
4 عند تكوين السؤال نضع الفعل المساعد قبل الفاعل:-
ÆThe man is two metres tall. è How tall is the man?
Æ He can speak Latin. è Can he speak Latin?
ÆThey are at school. èWhere are they?
♥ وعند عدم وجود فعل مساعد بالجملة نستخدم (do / does) قبل
الفاعل ثم الفعل في المصدر بعد الفاعل .
ÆSeham goes to school on foot.
èHow does Seham go to school?
► Does Seham go to school on foot?
ÆThey write English. è What do they write?
►Do they write English?
& لاحظ أن ظرف التكرار يمكن تحويله في النفي إلى never)) وفى
الاستفهام يحول إلى (ever) ويبقى الفعل كما هو.
ÆMai usually wears a hat. è Mai never wears a hat.
►Does Mai ever wear a hat?
Æ He often comes late. èHe never comes late.
►Do lions ever eat dead bodies?
EXERCISES:
A - Choose the right word(s):
1-Reem never ( come - comes - coming ) late .
2-The moon ( shine- shone - shines ) at night .
3-They( doesn’t eat - don’t eat - eat don’t ) bad food.
4- Noha (gets - get - getting) up at six o’clock.
5-Rehab (ever - never - yet) plays chess.
6-It (are - am - is) very hot in Egypt in summer.
7-A butcher always ( sells - sell - sold ) meat.
8-Birds (always - never - often) fly.
9-How(you do travel - you travel do - do you travel)
to Aswan?
10-Nora often (walk - walks - walking) to school.
11-Manar usually (boils - boil - boiled) eggs .
12-My house (consists - consist - consisting ) of three
floors .
13-Where (do - does - doing ) they hide the bag ?
14- (Do ever you - Ever do you - Do you ever) sleep
at noon?
15-If he (helps - help - helped) me , I’ll finish early.
16-This shop (open - opening - opens) from 9 to 5
every day .
17-Faten travels to Cairo (now - every month -
yesterday).
18-The sun (never - sometimes - often) rises at night.
19- (Do he - He does - Does he ) speak French ?
20-Ashraf (now - often - ago) gets up early.
* * * * * Mr. * * * * * Najm * * * **
2-THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE:
(٢) زمن المضارع المستمر:
# تكوينه:-
4 يتكون زمن المضارع المستمر من (am / is / are + verbing )
ÆI am writing some letters now.
ÆLook! She is sweeping the floor.
ÆWe are watching the film at this moment.
# ملاحظــات:-
♣ تستخدم (am) مع الضمير (I) فقط وقد تختصر إلى (I’m).
♣ تستخدم (is) مع الفاعل (- He- She - It - والاسم المفرد)
وتختصر إلى (’s).
♣ تستخدم (are) مع الفاعل ( -We - They -Youوالاسم الجمع)
وتختصر إلى . (’re)
& عند إضافة (ing) إلى مصدر الفعل يراعى أن :-
♠ الفعل المنتهى بحرف ( ( eيحذف الحرف ويضاف (ing).
* have è having & make è making & ride èriding
♠ الفعل المنتهى بحرف ساكن قبله حرف متحرك يضاعف الحرف الساكن ويضاف (ing).
* runèrunning & stopèstopping & hitè hitting
travelètravelling .
♠ الفعل المنتهى بـ (ie) يحذفان ويضاف للفعل (ying ) مثل :-
* dieèdying & tieètying & lieèlying .
♠ أفعال الحواس والمشاعر والإدراك لا تستخدم في زمن المضارع المستمر وإنما تبقى في زمن المضارع البسيط ومنها :-
{ see * like * know * understand * want* love* feel*
think * belong * dislike * hear * keep *remember*}
Æ Now we understand this lesson.
Æ Samah likes sweets.
Æ I know her for a long time.
Æ Saher feels cold now.
# استخدامه:-
4 يستخدم زمن المضارع المستمر للتعبير عن حدث مستمر أثناء الكلام .
♠ ولذا يستخدم مع كلمات مثلnow } - - at this moment { at present -وتستخدم هذه الكلمات في بداية الجملة أو فينهايتها .
Æ Now the teacher is explaining the lesson.
Æ The boys are sleeping at this moment.
♠ كما يستخدم مع كلمات مثل :
( Look! - Listen! - Hurry up! - Help! -Take care! )
وتستخدم هذه الكلمات في بداية الجملة فقط :
ÆLook! The monkey is dancing.
ÆHurry up! The bus is moving.
ÆListen! They are talking about the new plan.
♠ كما يستخدم ليصف أحداث مستقبلية مثل :-
Æ I’m studying my lessons tonight.
ÆNoha is coming to the party next Friday .
# النفــــــــي :-
4 عند نفى الجملة نضع كلمة(not )بعد الفعل المساعد(are- is-am)
ÆThey are sweeping the floor.
è They aren’t sweeping the floor.
Æ He is eating oranges. èHe isn’t eating oranges.
# الاستفهــــام :-
4 عند تكوين سؤال نضع الفعل المساعد قبل الفاعل.
ÆNoha is playing music. è Is Noha playing music?
ÆWe’re having our lunch. è What are you doing?
EXERCISES:-
A-Choose the right word(s):
1-The mechanic (repairs - repair - is repairing) my
car now .
2-Aya (is watering – waters – are watering) the
flowers now.
3-What (you are doing – are you doing – doing you
are ) ?
4-The boys (is making – are making – makes) some
toys.
5-This box (contain – contains – is containing) some
jewels .
6-Mr.Najm (goes – going – is going ) to the theatre
tonight .
7-Amr(wear - is wearing - wears) a hat because it
(rains - rain – is raining )at this moment .
8-Amira and Athar (feel – is feeling – are feeling)
happy .
9-My flat (locates – is locating – locating) on the
third floor .
10- He (owes – owing – is owing )me ten dollars now .
11-Look! The girl (dances – is dancing – dance)
beautifully .
12-Take care! A car (is coming – are coming –
comes ) fast .
13-Why are you (learn - learning - to learn) English?
14-Rasha (cleaning - cleans - is cleaning) the room
now .
15-We (understands - are understanding -
understand) the lesson.
C- Read and correct the underlined words:
1-Samya always wash her hands . ( )
2-They reading some stories now. ( )
3-She often drink tea with much sugar. ( )
4-She never have some rest after lunch. ( )
5-We go to the club on foot yesterday. ( )
6-I’m eat something sweet now . ( )
7-Do you ever playing chess? ( )

استخدامك لسلسة كتب النجـــــم يساعدك علي التفوق
*MR. NAJM * FACUS * SHARKYA*



* Best wishes *
* MR. NAJM *