medo1960
06-09-2008, 06:48 AM
أبنائي الطلبة والطالبات
اليكم هذا الجدول البسيط ويحتوي على كيف تعبر عن الإستنتاج و الإضطرار ( مثبت ومنفي ) في المضارع والماضي
وكذلك بعض الأمثلة التوضيحية لهذه الحالات وبعض حالات الإحتمال الأخرى - والجدول من تصميمي
محمود حسنين على سعد مدرس أول لغة انجليزية
pen name : medo 1960
جدول إجمالي يبين كيفية التعبير عن الاضطرار والاستنتاج
في المضارع والماضي ونفي كل منهم
Obligation اضطرار
Deduction استنتاج
اثبات affirmative
نفي negative
اثبات affirmative
نفي negative
مضارع
Must + inf.
Have to + inf.
Has to + inf.
Don't have to + inf
Doesn't have to+inf
Needn't + inf.
Must be
Can't be
ماضي
Had to + inf
Didn't have to+inf.
لم يكن مضطرو لم يفعل
Needn't have +p.p.
لم يكن مضطر وفعل
Must have+p.p.
Can't have+p.p.
He looks very pale. He must be ill.
She is wearing a white coat and is examining the patients. She must be a doctor.
Mona bought a Mercedes , she can't be poor.
He was sad. He must have received bad news.
There is a lot of water in the streets. It must have rained.
He studied very hard. He can’t have failed the test.
Their luggage is still here. They can't have traveled yet.
لاحظ أن may have +p.p. تعبر عن شئ محتمل الحدوث
We don't see him any more. He may have moved.
أما might have + p.p. تعبر عن شئ أقل احتمالا في الحدوث
He was not found after the plane crash. He might have been killed.
و يمكن استخدام may/might فى النفى
Perhaps he didn’t read the papers.
He might not have read the papers. (Passive)
The papers might not have been read.
Perhaps they didn’t know the address. ( may )
They may not have known the address. (Passive)
The address may not have been known.
¨ يمكن استخدام could بدلا من may / might
Could have + PP.
He hasn’t visited us for a long time. He could have been busy.
(= He may/might have been busy)
و يمكن أن تعبر أيضا عن شيء كان من الممكن حدوثه ولكنه لم يحدث
He was able to do the job but he didn’t. (could)
He could have done the job.
اليكم هذا الجدول البسيط ويحتوي على كيف تعبر عن الإستنتاج و الإضطرار ( مثبت ومنفي ) في المضارع والماضي
وكذلك بعض الأمثلة التوضيحية لهذه الحالات وبعض حالات الإحتمال الأخرى - والجدول من تصميمي
محمود حسنين على سعد مدرس أول لغة انجليزية
pen name : medo 1960
جدول إجمالي يبين كيفية التعبير عن الاضطرار والاستنتاج
في المضارع والماضي ونفي كل منهم
Obligation اضطرار
Deduction استنتاج
اثبات affirmative
نفي negative
اثبات affirmative
نفي negative
مضارع
Must + inf.
Have to + inf.
Has to + inf.
Don't have to + inf
Doesn't have to+inf
Needn't + inf.
Must be
Can't be
ماضي
Had to + inf
Didn't have to+inf.
لم يكن مضطرو لم يفعل
Needn't have +p.p.
لم يكن مضطر وفعل
Must have+p.p.
Can't have+p.p.
He looks very pale. He must be ill.
She is wearing a white coat and is examining the patients. She must be a doctor.
Mona bought a Mercedes , she can't be poor.
He was sad. He must have received bad news.
There is a lot of water in the streets. It must have rained.
He studied very hard. He can’t have failed the test.
Their luggage is still here. They can't have traveled yet.
لاحظ أن may have +p.p. تعبر عن شئ محتمل الحدوث
We don't see him any more. He may have moved.
أما might have + p.p. تعبر عن شئ أقل احتمالا في الحدوث
He was not found after the plane crash. He might have been killed.
و يمكن استخدام may/might فى النفى
Perhaps he didn’t read the papers.
He might not have read the papers. (Passive)
The papers might not have been read.
Perhaps they didn’t know the address. ( may )
They may not have known the address. (Passive)
The address may not have been known.
¨ يمكن استخدام could بدلا من may / might
Could have + PP.
He hasn’t visited us for a long time. He could have been busy.
(= He may/might have been busy)
و يمكن أن تعبر أيضا عن شيء كان من الممكن حدوثه ولكنه لم يحدث
He was able to do the job but he didn’t. (could)
He could have done the job.