بوابة الثانوية العامة المصرية - كل أعمال مدرسي المنتدي في القواعد الهامة

ومع الروابط ومستر محمد طرطور

The Conjunctionsأدوات الربط

The Compound Conjunctions:أدوات ربط الجملة المركبة
Not only ......... But also

(1)

Not only + H.V. + S ... But (also) ...(as well)

· إذا جاءتNot only فى بداية الجملة فهىتقدم الفعل المساعدعلىالفاعل وإذا كان فعل الجملة أصلى تستخدم والجملةالثانية تبدأ بـbut also أوتبدأبـ but فقط وتنتهى بــas well تحذف المشترك من الجملةالثانية .also - too - as well تحذف من الجملةإذا وجدت فى حالة ربط

Ex: They participated in the match. They achieved good results as well.
Not only did they participate in the match but also achieved good results.
Ex: He is a famous actor. He draws pictures also.
Not only is he a famous actor but draws pictures as well.
________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________

Subject + not only + verb but also ---------------

· إذا جاءت أداة الربط not only داخل الجملة فهى تأتى بين الفاعل والفعل الأصلى والحملة الأصلى والجملة الثانية تبدأ بـــ but also وتحذف المشترك من الجملة الثانية .

Ex : They participated in the mach . They achieved good results as well .
They not only participated in the match but also achieved good results.
Ex : He is a famouse actor . He draws pictures also .
He is not only a famous actor but draws pictures as well.

________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________

Niether ..... Nor

(1)

Neither + subject + subject + verb.

· تستخدم nor --------Neither لربط جملتين متشابهتين عدا الفاعل والفعل يتبع الفاعل الثانى من حيث صيغة المفرد والجمع بشرط ان تكون الجمل منفية .

Ex: The girls are not silly. Their brother is not silly, either.
Neither the girls nor their brother is silly

Neither + H.V. + S + .... nor + H.V. +S ----------------

· تستخدم nor ---Neither لربط جملتين مختلفتين - فى هذه الحالة يحدث تقديم الفعل المساعد على الفاعل سواء فى الجملة الأولى أو الجملة الثانية - ويحذف من الجملة النفى .

Ex: He did not attend my birthday party. He did not send me a present .
Neither did he attend my birthday party nor did he send me a present.
________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________
As well as

Subject + as well as + subject + verb ---------------

· تستخدم as well as لربط جملتين متشابهتين تماما عدا الفاعل والفعل يتبع الفاعل الأول من حيث صيغة المفرد والجمع .

Ex: He is wealthy . I am wealthy . he as well as I is wealthy .

________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________

Both ...... and

Both + subject + and + subject ----------------

· تربط جملتين متشابهتين تماما فى صيغة الإثبات والفاعل مختلف فى الجملتين بينهما والفعل يكون فى صيغة الجمع .

Ex: Ali is a clever young boy. Sameh is a clever young boy.
Both Ali and Sameh are clever young boys.

________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________

Thus , so , therefor , hence , and as a result , with the result that

Action thus ,hence , therefore , and as a result result
consequently , so , with the result that

· أدوات ربط يأتى قبلهاالحدث وبعدها نتيجة هذا الحدث .

Ex: He was very tired. He stayed at home
He was very tired therefore he stayed at home .

________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________

But , Yet , However , Still , nevertheless

· تأتى بين جملتين متناقضتين

Ex: I like that shirt but it is too long
Ex :However careful she is , She sometimes makes mistakes

________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________

The Complex conjunctions

تتكون الجملة المركبة من :
1-جزء اساسى وعادة يكون به فاعل وفعل فىزمن معين
2 - جزء تابع ( به فاعل وفعل فى زمن معين وتسبقه أداة ربط معينة )

EX : I was in a hurry * I couldn’t walk quickly ( جزء أساسى )
It was raining heavily ( جزء تابع )
Changing a complex sentence into simple one

Although I was in hurry,I couldn’t walk quickly because it was raining heavy

· تحويل الجملة من جملة معقدة إلى جملة بسيطة
· إذا كان فاعل الجملتين واحد تغير أداة الربط
· الفاعل يحذف من الجملة التى تأتى بعد أداة الربط
· الفعل الأصلى يوضع فى صيغة المصدر + ing

Ex: Althoughhe achieved nearly all his dreams, he was not satisfied .
In spite of achieving nearly all his dreams, he was not satisfied.
Ex: Becauseheis ill, he stays at home.
Because of being ill, he stays at home.

________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________

· إذا كان فاعل الجملتين مختلف أو مشترك
1- أداة الربط تغير 2- ضمير الفاعل يحول إلى صفة الملكية كما فى الجدول

I
He
She
It
We
They
You
my
his
her
its
our
their
your

· إذا كان فاعل أسما يبقى كما هو ويوضع بعده (‘s ) الملكية .
· الفعل يحول إلى إسم - إذا كان الفعل V.to.be يشتق الأسم من الصفة

Complex
Simple

Because , As , Since
Because of , Owing to
If
But for , without
Unless
In spite of , Despite , For all , without
Although , Though
Too + adj. + to , adj. + enough to
so + adjective + that

S + present sمضارع بسيط(as if ) past s
S + past sماضى بسيط(as if ) had + P.P.
(like ) noun

Ex:Unless he had helped us, we wouldn’t have been able to finish in time.
Without his help, we wouldn’t have been able to finish in time.
Ex: As soon as he arrives, I shall visit him.
Ex:Immediately on his arrival, I shall visit him.

________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________

Conjunctions of Time الروابـط الزمنية

As soon As

As soon as ------ S + present s -------- s + future s

· يأتى بعدها فى زمن المضارع البسيط والجملة الثانية مستقبل بسيط

Shall / will + inf .

Ex: As soon as he finishes his work, he will leave .

2- As soon as ------- s + present perfect --------------s + future simple

· يأتى بعدها فعل فى زمن المضارع التام وفعل الجملة الثانية مستقبل بسيط .

Ex: As soon as he has recovered from his illness, he will take over his work.

3- As soon as ---------- s + past s --------- s + past s.

· يأتى بعدها فعل فى زمن الماضى البسيط وكذلك فعل الجملة الثانية يكون فى زمن الماضى البسيط .

Ex: As soon as she saw the thief, she fainted.

4- As soon as ------- s + had + P.P. -----------s + past s.

· يأتى بعدها فعل فى زمن الماضى التام والجملة الثانية تكون فى زمن الماضى البسيط

Ex: As soon as they had returned, they decorated the house.

________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________

Immediately on

On noun -----------s + verb.

· تستخدم بدلا من as soon as عند تحويل الجملة من معقدة إالى بسيط ويأتى بعدها عبارة أى مجموعة كلمات بدون فعل

Ex: Immediately on their return, they decorated the house.
Ex: Immediately on returning, they decorated the hous.

________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________

Hardly when
Scarcely had + S + P.P. when sفاعل + past s
No sooner than

· أدوات الربط السابقة إذا جاءت فى بداية الجملة مع زمن الماضى التام تقدم على الفعل والجملة الثانية ماضى بسيط .

Ex: Hardly had he departed when I hired his room.
Ex: No sooner had I succeeded ,than I got some presents.
Hardly بدون أى فارق زمنى بين الحدثين when
Scarcely did + s + inf when s + past s
No sooner than

Ex: No sooner did he fail than he was punished.

Immediately after ---------- noun ---------s + past s.

· يستخدم بدلا من أدوات الربط السابقة ويأتى بعدها عبارة .

Ex: Immediately after his failure, he was punished.

________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________

After / Before

1- After --------- s + had + P.P. -----------s + past simple

· الجملة التى تأتى بعدها ماضى تام - والجملة الثانية ماضى بسيط

Ex: After he had approved, he withdrew.

2- After --------- noun ---------- subject + past simple
3- After --------- V. + ing ------- subject + past simple.

· إذا جاءت بدون فاعل يأتى بعدها عبارة .

Ex: After his approval, he withdrew. Ex: After aproving, he withdrew.

having + P.P. --------- subject + past simple.

· تستخدم بدلا من after فتحذف الفاعل وكلمة had ويأتى بعدها التصريف الثالث.

Ex: Having approved , he withdrew.
________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________

1- Before ------subject + past s. ----------s + had + P.P.

· يأتى بعدها ماضى بسيط والجملة الثانية ماضى تام

Ex: Before he died, he had distributed his wealth.

2- Before -------noun ------- subject + had + P.P.

· بدون فاعل يأتى بعدها عبارة.

Ex: Before his death, he distributed his wealth.
________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________
While / When

1- While -------- S + was + inf. + ing --------- S + past s.

As were

· يأتى بعدهما ماضى مستمر والجملة الثانية ماضى بسيط إذا كانت تعبر عن حدث كان مستمراً والآخر قطعة .

Ex: While she was working in the kitchen, she heard a cry.

2- While -------- S + was / were + inf. + ing -----------

As S+ was / were + inf. + ing.

· يأتى بعدهما ماضى مستمر - والثانى ماضىمستمر إذا كان الحدثان إستمرا معا

Ex: While he was watching the T.V. his wife was working in the kitcken.

3- While -------noun --------- s + past simple

During past continuous.

· إذا كانت بدون فاعل يأتى بعدها عبارة .

Ex: While his illness, his sons ran the factory.

________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________
1- When + s + present s ------- s + future s.

+ s + present perfect --------s + future s.
+ s + past continuous --------- s + past simple
+ s + past simple ----------s + past continuous .
Ex: When he succeeds, I shall, congratulate him.
When he has succeeded, I shall congratulate him.
When he was ill, I was so busy.
When he arrived , I was working in the garden.

________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________
1-S + have / has+ P.P. (since)+ s. past simple

· since يأتى قبلها فعل فىزمن المضارع التام أوالمضارع التام المستمر-والفعل الذىيأتىبعدها ماضىبسيط

Ex: I haven’t seen him since his bad behaviour.
Conjunctions of Purpose الروابـط الغرضية

to
in order to --------- infinitive
so as to

· تستخدم to , to , so as to , in order لربط جملتين الجملةالثانيةغرضيةوتوضع بين الجملتين وتحذف الفاعلوفعل .want to اذاوجدفى الجملة

Ex : He participated in the match. He wanted to break the world record.
He Participated in the match in order to break the world record.

___________________ Mr . M . Tartor _____________________

So that --------- subject + may + inf.
in order that might

· تضع فعلmay إذا كان الفعل مضارع وmight إذاكان الفعل فىزمن الماضى بدلا من فعل want toالذى يحذف من الجملة

Ex: He participated in the match. He wanted to break the world record.
He participated in the match so that he might break the world record.
Conjunctions of Manner الروابـط التشبيهية( الظرفية )

___________________ Mr . M . Tartor _____________________
Subject + present simple (as if ) S + past s.

Subject + past simple (as if) S + had + P.P.
Ex: She walks as if she were a queen .

· تستخدم as if كأداة ربط تشبيه بالإستحالة إذا جاء الفعل قبلها مضارع بسيط يوضع الفعل بعدها ماضى بسيط وإذا كان الفعل قبلها ماضى بسيط يأتى بعدها ماضى تام مثل

1. Subject + verb (like) noun Ex: she walks like a queen.
2. Subject + verb (as) subject + verb.Ex: He did everything as I advised him.
3 Subject + verb (according to) noun
Ex: He did everything according to my advice.

___________________ Mr . M . Tartor _____________________
1. Subject + verb (lest) subject + should + inf.

· lest تستخدم لربط جملتين - الجملة الثانية غرضية
· ويأتى بعدها الفعل ( should + infinitive)

Ex: He works hard lest he should fail.

1. Subject + verb(for fear of ) S + may + inf.
might

· تستخدم for fear that لربط جملتين . الجملة الثانية غرضية
· تستخدم may إذا كان الفعل الأول مضارع و might إذا كان الفعل الثانى ماضى

Ex: He works hard for fear that he may fall.

1. Subject + verb (for fear of) noun.

Ex: He works hard for fear of failure.