![]() |
جرامر وافعال شاذة
المضـارع البسيـط present simple مصدر الفعل باضافة s مع الاسم المفرد او الضمائر الثلاثة it , she , he - He eats an orange . – I eat an orange . خلي بالك : عندما ينتهي الفعل بـ o – x – s – ss – sh – ch نضيف للفعل es مع الاسم المفرد او الضمائر الثلاثة السابقة . - She watches TV. – Radwa goes to school بص معايا : اذا كان الفعل ينتهي بحرف y يسبقة حرف متحرك a – e – i – o – u نضيف للفعل s مباشرة . - Kenawy plays tennis. – Radwa obeys her mother. واذا سبق حرف y حرف ساكن نحذف y ونضيف ies - Ali flies a kite . – The baby cries so much. النفي : Negative don't .......مكملات الجملة + مصدر الفعل + + الفاعل subject doesn't - She doesn't watch TV. – The boys don't like cooking تـــكوين ســـؤال : Ask question Do ? ....... مكملات الجملة + مصدر الفعل + الفاعل + Does - Do you play tennis ? - Yes, I do. - No, I don't - Does Sameh watch TV ? - Yes,………….. – No,………… الكلمــــات الدالة : always , usually , sometimes , often , ever , never , rarely , scarcely , every ( day , week , …….etc ) ركــــــز معايا : ** ظروف التكرار السابقة توضع 1- قبل الفعل الاساسي - I never watch TV in the evening . 2- بعد الـ verb to Be - He is usually early . المضارع المستمر present continuous تكـــوينه am is + verb + ing are .He is reading now - ركــــــز : 1- اذا كان الفعل ينتهي بحرف e تحذف و تضيف ing Take taking 2- اذا كان الفعل ينتهي بحرفي ie يحذفا و تضيف ying Die dying 3- اذا كان الفعل ينتهي بحرف ساكن يسبقه حرف متحرك تكرر الحرف الأخير الساكن ثم تضيف ing Swim swimming النفي Negative : am not ........ مكملات الجملة + verb + ing + is not + الفاعل are not - He isn't sleeping now الأســــتفهام : تكـــوين ســـؤال بمعنى " هل " بالتبديل : Am ? ......... مكملات الجملة + verb + ing + الفاعل + Is Are - Are you reading now ? - Yes, I am. – No ,I am not. الكلمـــات الـدالة : Now , look , listen , at present , at the moment , smell , look out , watch out احترس , احترس , شم , في هذه اللحظة , في الوقت الحالي , استمع , انظر , الان الاستـــخدام use : 1- يعبر عن فعل يحدث اثناء الكلام . - She is studying English now . 2- يعبر عن شئ سوف يحدث في المستقبل القريب بصورة مؤكد ة ( اي سبق الاعداد له ) . -Tantawy is leaving for Tanta . خلي بالك كويس : ** هذه الافعال لاتستخدم في زمن المضارع المستمر : 1- افعال الحواس verbs of senses See , smell , hear , touch , taste , feel , notice 2- افعال التفكير verbs of thinking يفكر think , يعتقد believe , يعرف know , يفهم understand يتعرف على recognize يرفض refuse , يفترض suppose يتوقع expect ينسى forget , يتذكر remember 3- افعال العاطفة verbs of emotion يحب like = love , يكره hate = dislike , يريد want يسامح forgive , يرعى care , يرغب في desire 4- افعال الملكية verbs of possessing يملك own , يدين بـ owe to , يخص / يتبع belong to يملك possess 5- الأفعال المساعدة the auxiliaries فيما عدا Be & have فقط - He is having an ice cream . 6- افعال اخرى مثل : يبدو seem , يظهر appear , يتكون من consist of , يأمل wish يأمل hope , يحتوي على contain ** انتبــــــــه ** لاتستخدم الافعال السابقة في زمن المضارع المستمر لأننا لا نستطيع ان نسيطر عليها او التحكم فيها عند حدوثها ولذلك في الغالب نستخدم زمن المضارع البسيط . فلا يقال ابدا ( ) - I am understanding ولكن يقال ( ) - I understand . الماضي البسيــط past simple التصريف الثاني للفعل باضافة ed wash washed help helped ركـــز شـــوية : 1- اذا كان الفعل ينتهي بحر ف e نضيف d فقط للفعل close closed arrive arrived 2- اذا كان الفعل ينتهي بحرف y يسبقه حرف ساكن فاننا نحذف حرف y ونضيف ied carry carried study studied enjoy enjoyed stay stayed 4- اذا كان الفعل ينتهي بحرف ساكن يسبقه حرف متحرك فاننا نكرر الحرف الاخير الساكن ثم نضيف ed Stop stopped fit fitted خلي بالك : اذا كان الفعل شاذ ( غير منتظم ) يحفظ كما هو go went gone see saw seen النفي Negative : …….. مكملات الجملة + مصدر الفعل inf. + didn't + الفــاعل - I didn't go to the cinema last week . - Adel didn't study maths well . الأســــتفهام : تكـــوين ســــؤال بمعنى ( هل ) : …… ? مكملات الجملة + المصدر inf. + الفاعل subject + Did -Did you close the window last night ? - Yes, I did -No ,I didn't -Did they answer the test ? - Yes ,……….. –No ,……… امس yesterday , في الماضي in the past , هذا الصباح this morning ,منذ ago ذات مرة once , في هذه اللحظة just now , الماضي last ( week , month , ….etc) ( تاريخ قديم ( in + ( in 2000 ) الاستخـــدم Use : 1- ليعبر عن مواقف او احداث بدأت وانتهت في الماضي . 2- لســرد قصــة - Once , there was…….. 3- ليعبر عن عادة في الماضي لا نمارسها الان وذلك باستخدام كلمة used to بمعنى " اعتاد ان ". مصـــدر الفعـــل inf. + used to اعتاد ان + شخص ما - She used to drink milk when she was young . ( كانت معتادة ان تشرب اللبن وهي صغيرة ولكنها لا تشرب اللبن الان ) ** انتبــــــــه ** - She didn't use to drink milk . - Did she use to drink milk ? - Yes , she did . –No ,she didn't . خلي بالك كويس : used to + verb + ing اعتاد ان + ( Be ) + شخص ما ** للتعبير عن عادة في الماضي مازلنا نمارسها حتى الان - He was used to playing football. ( كان معتاد ان يلعب كرة قدم قديماومازال يمارسها حتى الان ) بـــص معايــا : المصدر + to + ( Be ) + used شئ ما ( غير عاقل ) for + verb + ing - A pen is used to write. - A pen is use for writing . الماضي المستمر past continuous Was + verb + ing Were - I was playing in the street yesterday . خـد بالك : نتبع نفس قواعد مضاعفة الحرف الاخير و كل القواعد والملاحظات التي ذكرت في زمن المضارع المستمر . -They were running very fast . النفي Negative : wasn't + Verb + ing …………+ الفـــاعل subject weren't - They weren't running very fast . الاســتفهام : تكـــوين سؤال بمعنى " هل " Was ? .......... مكملات الجملة + + verb + ing الفــاعل subject + Were - Were you playing in the street yesterday ? - Yes , I was . – No , I wasn't . الأستخدام Use : 1- ليعبر عن حدث استمر لبعض الوقت في الماضي . - Sayed was sleeping at 3 o'clock yesterday . 2- ليعبر عن حدث كان مستمرا في وقت معين ( محدد ) في الماضي بينما قطعه حدث اخر وما يحدث اولا يوضع في زمن الماضي المستمر وما يحدث ثانيا في زمن الماضي البسيط . - I was watching TV when they came . الكلمــات الدالة : بينما While ماضي بسيـــــــط , ماضي مســـــــتمربينما As عندما Just as while ماضي مســـتمر as ماضي بسيـــــــط just as ماضي مســــتمر , ماضي بسيــــط عندما When ماضي بسيـــــط when ماضي مســــــتمر ركـــــز : 1- ماضي بسيط , ماضي مستمر While ( حدث كان مستمرا وقطعه حدث ماضي اخر ) - While I was running , I lost my money . 2- ماضي مستمر , ماضي مستمر While ( لتعبر عن حدثان كانا مستمران في وقت واحد } نفس الوقت { في الماضي ) - While she was playing the piano , her brother was singing . 3- ماضي بسيط , While verb + ing ( وذلك اذا لم يوجد بعدها فاعل فتعامل كحرف جر ) - While running to catch the bus , I lost my money . خلي بالك : ) ( verb + ing أو الأسم noun + أثناء During -During having my breakfast , I drank two cups of tea . بص معايا : 1- لا نستخدم الماضي المستمر مع الاحداث المتكررة في الماضي ( أي عند ذكر عدد مرات حدوث الفعل ) - We were visiting our city four times last year . ** لا يجوز استخدام were visiting *** ولكن نقول : - We visited our city four times last year . 2- لا يستخدم الماضي المستمر مع الافعال التي لا تستخدم مع المضارع المستمر . الماضي التــام past perfect had + p.p Radwa had eaten an orange . – ركـــز : had = 'd + p.p - I'd studied English very well . would = 'd + inf. - I'd study English very well . النفي Negative : ...... مكملات الجملة + p.p + hadn't + الفاعل - Radwa hadn't eaten an orange . الاستفهام : تكوين سؤال بمعنى " هل " ? ...... مكملات الجملة + p.p + الفـاعل + Had - Had you drunk your tea ? -Yes , I had . – No , I hadn't . ليعبر عن حدثان ( فعلان ) حدثا في الماضي ولكن احدهما بدأ وانتهى قبل الأخر وما يحدث اولا يوضع في زمن الماضي التـام وما يحدث ثانيا يوضع في زمن الماضي البسيط . الكلمــات الدالة : بعد After مـاضي بسيـــط , ماضي تــام بمجرد أن As soon as عندما When after ماضي تــام as soon as ماضي بسيـــط when حتى ماضي تــام till / until ماضي بسيط منفي قبل Before ماضي تــام , ماصي بســيط قبل By the time before ماضي بسيــــط ماضي تـام by the time - After she had studied her lessons , she answered the test . خلي بالك : يمكن ان يأتي بعد before & after الفعل مضافا له ing بشرط ان لا يأتي بعدها فاعل بنفس القواعد السابقة . - After studying her lessons , she answered the test . أذا طلب منك استخدام Having بدلا من After نتبع القاعدة التالية : ماضي بســـــيط , Having + p.p ……….. - After I had done my homework , I slept . ( Having ) لاحــــظ : يمكن اســـتخدام الكلمات الأتية للتعبير عن الماضي التام بالطرق الموضحة : than صيغة استفهام No sooner ماضي بســـيط when في زمن الماضي Hardly when التــــام Scarcely - No sooner had she studied her lessons than she answered the test . than no sooner ماضي بســيط when ........ + hardly + p.p + had + الفاعل when scarcely - She had hardly studied her lessons when she answered the test . يمكن اســـتخدام because للتعبير عن الماضي التـــــام كالتالي : ســــبب because نتيجة ** نظرا لأن السبب يحدث اولا ثم النتيجة ثانيا فأننا نستخدم القاعدة الاتية : ماضي تام because ماضي بســيط - He became ill because he had eaten bad food . المضارع التــام present perfect تكــــوينة : have + p.p has انتـبة : * تختصر have الى 've * تختصر has الى 's - They have played basketball in the club . - They've played basketball in the club . ** لاحـــــظ الفرق بين : أســم أو صفــــة أو ) v. + ing ( is = 's + has = 's + p.p - He's studying his English lessons . - He's studied his English lessons . النفي Negative : haven't .......... مكملات + p.p + + الفاعل hasn't - I havn't played football in the street . الاستفهام : تكوين ســؤال بمعنى " هل " Have ? ....... مكملات + p.p + الفــاعل + Has - Has he watched TV ? - Yes , he has . – No ,he hasn't الكلمـــات الدالة : : بالفعل already & حالا just - يستخدما للتعبير على ان الفعل حدث ( وقع ) منذ فترة قريبة ويوضعا بعد have أو has مباشرة . - She has already eaten her meal . ليس بعد : توضع في نهاية الجملة المنفية أو في نهاية السؤال yet : - I haven't done my homework yet . - Has Ali studied his lessons yet ? مؤخرا : توضع في نهاية الجملة المنفية أو السؤال lately : - They haven't gone out lately . حديثا : توضع في نهاية الجملة الخبرية المثبته recently : - He has bought a new villa recently . للأبد : تستخدم لسؤال شخص عن خبراته أو تجاربه السابقة ( سؤال بهـل ) ever : و توضع قبل التصريف الثالث p.p Have you ever seen a lion - أبدا : تستخدم للأجابة المنفية وتوضع قبل التصريف الثالث never : - I have never seen a lion . منذ : ياتي بعدها فترة زمنية غير محددة نذكر فيها بداية الفترة و تكتب بالأرقام الحسابية since : - We have lived here since 2000 . لمدة : يأتي بعدها فترة زمنية محددة نذكر فيها الفترة كاملة وتكتب بالحروف For : - We have lived here for ten years . ركــــــز : 1998 a year April , May , ….. a month Saturday , Sunday , … a week 5 o'clock a day since Last ( week , …..) a minute Then the last ( week , ….. ) a moment a long time بص معايا كويس : ** أذا أتى فعل واحد مع since يوضع في زمن المضارع التــام - He has been ill since last week . ** اذا اتى فعلان مع since ( اذا ربطت جملتين ) نتبع الاتي : مضـــارع تــام , مـاضي بســــيط since ماضي بســـيط since مضـــارع تــام - I have called you 5 times since I returned home ** يمكن حذف for أحيانا : - We have been here an hour . ** لا يمكن حذف since أبدا : - We have been here since 2 o'clock . خلي بالك : تستخدم الكلمات الأتية في زمن المضارع التام لتدل على فترة زمنية لم تنتهي بعد ( tonight , today , this week , this month , this year , ……) لقد رأينا علي اليوم ( اليوم لم ينتهي بعد ) – We have met Ali today . - She has gone to the cinema with her friends tonight . لقد ذهبت الى السينما الليلة ( الليلة لم تنتهي بعد ) ** لاحظ الفرق بين :- ذهب الى مكان ما وعاد منه ( have ) has been to : ذهب الى مكان ما ولم يعد : ( have ) has gone to ذهب الى لندن و عاد - He has been to London . ذهب الى لندن و مازال هناك - He has gone to London . خــد بالك : 1- أذا طلب منك استخدام since بدلا من when فأنك تستخدم زمن المضارع التام المنفي و نحذف كلمة last أو the last time - I last saw him when I was in Tanta . ( since ) - I haven't seen him since I was in Tanta . ** أحيانا لا تكون كلمة when موجودة بالجملة في هذه الحالة نضع since بدلا من was أو were ونحذف last أو the last time - The last time I ate fish was yesterday . ( since ) - I haven't eaten fish since yesterday . 2- أذا طلب منك استخدام ago بدلا من for نستخدم ) المصدر ( began to + inf. أو ) المصدر started to + inf. ( قبل الفعل و نضع ago في أخر الجملة . - He has learnt English for six years . ( ago ) - He began to learn English six years ago . 3- أذا طلب منك استخدام just بدلا من a moment ago فأننا نستخدم زمن المضارع التام مع ملاحظة وضع just بعد have أو has مباشرة . - He told me the news a moment ago . ( just ) - He has just told me the news . 4- أذا طلب استخدام since بدلا من for فأننا نحول الفترة من حروف الى أرقام - They have lived in Cairo for three years . ( since ) - They have lived in Cairo since 2007 . ** لاحــــظ تحويل الجملة الاتية : ( since ) - I haven't seen my friend for a long time . * اذا كانت الفترة بعد for لا يمكن تحويلها الى ارقام نتبع القاعدة الاتية : ماضي بســــيط + since + ( الفترة الموجودة بعد for ) + It's - It's a long time since I saw my friend . الروابــــط Conjunctions * أداة ربط بمعنى " و " وتستعمل في حالة العطف لربط جملتين بينهما علاقة ترادف and ويكون الفاعل فيهما مشترك ويتم حذف الفاعل من الجملة الثانية ويوضع في الجملة الاولى -The girl went to the market . The girl bought some fruits . ( and ) كلا من....... و ........ Both…… and….. فاعل الجملة الثانية and فاعل الجملة الاولى Both ( في حالة عطف فاعل على فاعل يوضع الفعل في صيغة الجمع بعد and ( - Both Sameh and Ramy are children . يمكن استخدام both ….and…. لربط مفعول بمفعول - He speaks English . He speaks French . ( both ) - He speaks both English and French * بمعنى " مثل " as well as * ( مكملات الجملة الاولى ) فاعل الجملة الثانية as well as فاعل الجملة الاولى الفعل بعد as well as يوضع بحيث يعود على الفاعل الاول - I am interested in music . She is interested in music . ( as well as ) - I , as well as she am interested in music . ** يمكن استخدام as well as بدلا من both … and … و العكس - Both I and my friend are rich . ( as well as ) - I , as well as my friend am rich . - He , as well as they speaks English . ( Both ) - Both he and they speak English . * اما ... أو ... or فـاعل Either * لا ... ولا ... ( الجملة الثانية كما هي ) nor الجملة Neither * ليس فقط ... ولكن أيضا but also الأولى Not only خلي بالك : 1- جملة neither تكون منفية و عند أستخدام neither نحذف النفي . 2- الفعل بعد or أو nor أو but also يوضع بحيث يعود على الفاعل الاقرب اليه . - My sister is coming . My parents are coming . ( Not only ) - Not only my sister but also my parents are coming . - The students weren't there . The teacher wasn't there . ( Neither ) - Neither the students nor the teacher was there . نستخدم الطريقة السابقة فقط أذا كان فاعل الجملة الاولى مختلف عن فاعل الجملة الثانية . الجملة الثانية or الجملة الاولى Either الجملة الثانية صيغة استفهام nor الجملة الاولى صيغة استفهام Neither الجملة الثانية but also الجملة الاولى صيغة استفهام Not only ركــــز : تستخدم هذه الطريقة أذا كان فاعل الجملة الاولى مختلفا أو هو نفسه فاعل الجملة الثانية . - You tell the truth . I will tell the police . ( Either ) - Either you tell the truth or I will tell the police . - I don't speak English . I don’t speak French . ( Neither ) - Neither do I speak English nor do I speak French . بص معايــا : عند استخدام الكلمات السابقة داخل الجملة فانها توضع قبل الفعل الاساسي في الجملة الاولى و الجزء الثاني من الكلمات يوضع قبل الفعل الاساسي في الجملة الثانية و يحذف ما قبله . - She studied hard . She got high marks . ( not only ) - She not only studied hard but also got high marks . - You have been sleeping . You have been watching TV. ( either ) - You have either been sleeping or watching TV . ** عند وجود فعليين مساعدين في الجملة الاولى فان كلمة الربط توضع بعد الفعل المساعد الاول ولا يكرر الاثنان في الجملة الثانية . ** الروابط الدالة على الغرض ( الهد ف ) Clause of Purpose ** * بمعنى " لكي " المصدر inf. + to = so as to = in order to - He worked hard . He got high marks . ( to ) - He worked hard to get high marks . ( الجملة مضارع ) can / may المصدر inf. + + الفاعل + so that = in order that ( الجملة ماضي ) could / might - He goes to Alexandria . He enjoys the sea . ( so that ) - He goes to Alexandria so that he can enjoy the sea . خلي بالك : أذا وجد بالجملة الثانية كلمة want to أو wish to أو hope to تحذف ونستخدم المصدر الموجود بعدها . - He travelled a broad . He wanted to complete his study . ( so as to ) - He travelled abroad so as to complete his study الاســـــم أو ( v. + ing ) بهد ف with the aim of - They went to Cairo so that they might buy a car . ( with the aim of ) - They went to Cairo with the aim of buying a car . المصدر inf. + should + الفاعل + For fear that - He got up early . He was a afraid to miss the train . ( for fear that ) - He got up early for fear that he should miss the train . - He worked hard lest he should fail . ( for fear of ) - He worked hard for fear of failing ( failure ) ** الروابط الدالة على النتيجة Clause of Result ** ..... فعل + فاعل + that ظرف / صفة so ..... فعل + فاعل + that اسم موصوف such a ( an ) ..... فعل + فاعل + that اســــم such - He is weak . He can not even talk . - He is so weak that he can not even talk . - He is such a weak man that he can not talk . ركـــز معايــا : عند استعمال اســم بعد such يلزم هذا تحويل v. to Be الى v. to have في نفس الزمن . - He has such weakness that he can not talk . انتبــــه : اذا بدأنا الجملة بـ So …that أو Such … that يوضع الفعل بعدها في صيغة الاستفهام . الجملة الثانية + that ...... فاعل + فعل مساعد ( صيغة استفهام ) + صفة / ظرف So الجملة الثانية + that ...... فاعل + فعل مساعد ( صيغة استفهام ) + اســـم موصوف Such - So weak is he that he can not even talk . - Such a weak man is he that he can not even talk . * بمعنى " كاف أن " المصدر inf. + enough to + الصفة ( وتستخدم غالبا في الجملة المثبتة ) - She was so clever that she passed her exams . ( enough to ) - She was clever enough to pass her exams . خلي بالك : اذا وجدة كلمة very أو so فبل الصفة تحذف عند استخدام enough - He is very strong . He can carry 100 kg . ( enough to ) - He is strong enough to carry 100 kg . بص معايــا : اذا كان فاعل الجملة الأولى يختلف عن فاعل الجملة الثانية فأننا نستخدم : المصدر inf. + to + الفاعل الثاني + enough for + الصفة / الظرف ( ضمير مفعول ) - She was polite . Everyone respected her . ( enough for ) - She was polite enough for everyone to respect her . * بمعنى " جدا ..... لدرجة أن لا .... المصدر inf. + to + صفة / ظرف too ( وتستخدم غالبا في الجملة المنفية وعند استخدامها نحذف النفي ) - We are so poor . We can not buy our food . ( too …. to ) - We are too poor to buy our food . المصدر inf. + to + الفاعل الثاني + for + صفة / ظرف too ( ضمير مفعول ) - The bag is very heavy . He can not carry it . ( too …. for ) - The bag is too heavy for him to carry it . الروابط الدالة على السبب Clause of Cause * بمعنى " لأن " ســــبب because / as / since نتيجـــة - He succeeded . He is clever . ( because ) - He succeeded because he is clever . ** لاحــظ : نتيجـــة , ســبب Because / As / Since - Because he was clever , he succeeded . خد بالك : 1- في الجمل السابقة because أو since أو as ليس لها علاقة بالزمن . 2- لابد ان يأتي بعد because أو since أو as جملة كاملة ( فاعل ثم فعل ). بســبب Because of / As a result of الأســـم أو ( الصفة + being ) أو ( v. + ing ) + بســـبب Due to / Owing to بفضـل Thanks to / بســبب On account of - He succeeded because of his cleverness . - He succeeded because of being clever . ركــــز : من الممكن أن نستخدم الصفة + Being - he stayed in bed as he was ill ( due to ) - He stayed in bed due to his illness - Being ill , he stayed in bed . لذلك so / therefore نتيجـــة + من ثم consequently + ســبب لهذا الســبب that's why - He could not see . He was blind . ( so ) - He was blind so he could not see . لاحـــظ : تستخدم so / therefore / consequently / that's why في منتصف الجملة فقط ويأتي بعدها جملة كاملة مكونة من فاعل و فعل . الروابط الدالة على التناقض Clause of Contrast * بمعنى " لكن " but توضع في منتصف الجملة فقط - He was poor . He was happy . ( but ) - He was poor but he was happy . * بمعنى " مع أن / بالرغم من " ) حتى لو though / although / even though / ( even if خلي بالك كويــس : تستخدم الكلمات السابقة الدالة على التضاد بنفس الطريقة في بداية أو وسط الجملة ويأتي بعدها جملة كاملة مكونة من فاعل وفعل . - He tells lies . He is believed . ( although ) - He is believed although he tells lies . - Although he tells lies , he is believed . انتبـــه : يمكن استخدام However بدلا من الكلمات السابقة ولكن يجب أن يأتي بعدها صفة أو ظرف . ...... فعل + فاعل + صفة أو ( ظرف ) + However . - However poor he was , he was happy بص معايـا : يمكن استخدام However في بداية الجملة الثانية ( منتصف الجملة ) . جملة كاملة However جملة كاملة - He was hungry . However he refused to eat . خلي بالك من كلامك : * على الرغم من * as * ..... فعل + فاعل + as + صفة أو ( ظرف ) ** تستخدم as بمعنى " على الرغم من " أذا جاء قبلها صفة أو ( ظرف ) وبعدها فاعل وفعل . - Strong as he was , he couldn't work . - Badly as he wrote , he got high marks . بالرغم من In spite of الأســم أو ( الصفة + being ) أو ( v. + ing ) + مع أن Despite بغض النظر عن Regardless of - Although he was strong , he couldn't work . ( Despite ) - Despite his strength , he couldn't work . - Despite being strong , he couldn't work . - Though he wrote badly . He got high marks . ( in spite of ) - He got high marks in spite of his bad writing . - He got high marks in spite of writing badly . لاحـــــظ : انه يتم تحويل الفعل الى اســم والظرف الى صفة عند الاجابة . ** بمعنى " مهما يكن " الأســـــم أو ( الصفة + being ) أو ( v. + ing ) + Whatever - Although he is clever , he can't answer the questions . ( Whatever ) - Whatever his cleverness , he can't answer the questions . يمكن استعمال ضمير بعد whatever - Whatever he said , we all laugh . - We all laugh whatever he said . ** بمعنى " علاوة على / بالأضافة الى " مفعول + In addition to / Besides - In addition to the cinema , the city has the theatre . - She bought a dress in addition to a bag . * لاحـــــظ أن : يأتي بعد in addition جملة مكونة من فاعل وفعل - The city has the cinema in addition it has the theatre . A ) Choose the correct answer : 1- I ………. My dinner every night at eight o'clock . ate eat have eaten eating fails fail failed failing 3- Samir sometimes ………. Games with his friends . played play plays playing 4- Khlid sometimes ……… the summer holiday in Alex . 5- He ………. Walk to his work every day . didn't doesn't isn't never 6- He ………. Off his horse last week . falls fall fell falling 7- We ……… at the cinema a week ago . meet met had met meeting 8- When I was in holiday , I ……… football everyday . play played am playing would play 9- I ………. Hungry , so I ate some bread and cheese . am was have been will be 10- He ………. Her a present when she left . gives will give gave has given 11- He ……… gets up early . doesn't never didn't won't 12- What time ……… your father arrive his work every day . did does do will 13- The moon ………. Around the Earth . moved moves move will move 14- ………… you visit your aunt every Friday ? Are Have Do Did 15- ……… do you go to the school library ? - Twice a week . How many When How often How long 16- He …….. what you said . understand understood was understanding understanding 17- How many pens ………… he buy last night . did does do would 18- When ………. You read that book yesterday . do will did have 19- My pen friend ……… me any letters last week . hasn't sent didn't send doesn't send won't send 20- We ……. At the party last night . didn't weren't aren't wouldn't 21- This school ………… three years ago . was built built builds was building 22- They ……… in 1998 . have graduated graduate graduated will graduate 23 - He ………. In 1970 . born was born had born was borne 24- Did you ………… to the club last Monday went go has gone goes 25- Dr. El-Baz ………. Astronauts which rocks to collect . teach teaching taught teaches 26- He …….. at this school from 1996 to 2003. work has worked working worked 27- Most pupils didn't ………. Their books . brought bring brings has brought 28- When we were in Aswan , we ………. The High Dam . visit visiting visits visited 30- ………. he see them yesterday ? Did Do Was Does 31-I………hear the door bell as I was sitting in the garden. don't didn't doesn't haven't 32- In the past, women used to…………clothes at the edge of the river. wash washed washing had washed 33- His father …….. in 1995 . used to die died was dying dies 34- I ……… play football when I was young . didn't use to didn't use used use 35- My uncle ……….. to work at night , but he doesn't now . is used used uses didn't use B ) Rewrite the following sentences : 1-Noha never does the shopping. ( not ) 2- His habit is watching TV in the evening . ( usually ) 3- We visit our uncle from time to time . ( sometimes ) 4- Is it true that he usually goes to bed early ? ( Does ) 5- He was in the habit of smoking . ( use to ) 6- He was born in 1996 . ( ago ) 7- When I was on holiday , I went to the club every day . ( used to ) 8- When did you arrive in London ? ( How long ) 9- She is always laughing . ( laughs ) 10- A fork is used to eat food . ( used for ) 11- We sit on chairs . ( used for ) 12- He always comes early . ( is ) 13- When he was a school boy , he had long walks . ( used ) 14- A book is used for reading . ( read ) 15- Cairo differs from Luxor . ( is ) 16- How long ago did you buy your car ? ( when ) Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Mr. Sayed Khalil Conditional Sentences 3 2 1 جــواب الشـــرط , فعـــل الشــــرط أداة الشــرط 1- الحالة الأولى: المصــدر inf. + will , مضارع بسيــط If If he comes , I will met him. - المصــدر inf. + would , ماضي بسيــط If If he worked hard , he would pass the exam . - 1- النصيحة - If I were you , I 'd complete my study abroad . 2- افتراض غير متوقع. - If I were a fish , I would swim. 3- الحالة الثالثة: P.P + would have , ماضي تـام If ( و يكون الحدث مستحيل الوقوع لأن فعل الشرط لم يحدث ) If he had worked hard , he'd have succeeded - مضارع بسيـــط , مضارع بسيــط If ( تستخدم مع الحقائق فقط ) If he heats iron , it expands. - 1- نستخدم الحالة الأولى إذا وجد بالجملة will أو may أو perhaps 2- نستخدم الحالة الثانية إذا كانت الجملتان مضارع 3- نستخدم الحالة الثالثة إذا كانت الجملتان ماضي 4- الجملة بعدas أو because أو since توضع بعد if كفعل شرط . 5- نحول الإثبات إلى نفي و العكس. بص وشوف الأمثلة : 1- Perhaps , I'll get information so I'll phone you . ( If ) - If I get information , I'll phone you . 2- He didn't stop as he didn't see the signal . ( If ) - If he had seen the signal , he would have stopped . 1- Hurry up or you will miss the bus . ( If ) - If you don't hurry up , you will miss the bus . 2- Study hard or you won't succeed . ( If ) - If you don't study hard , you won't succeed . ** كلمة if لها ثلاث معاني هي } إذا - إن - لو { 1- كلمة if يكون معناها ( إذا ) في الحالة الشـرطية الأولى . 2- كلمة if يكون معناها ( إن ) في الحالة الشــرطية الثانية . 3- كلمة if يكون معناها ( لو ) في الحالة الشــرطية الثالثة . إذا لم / إن لم / لو لم Unless = If .......not ** تستخدم unless أيضا في أسلوب الشــرط و تساوي في المعنى if ........not ** القواعد المستخدمة مع if هي نفس القواعد المستخدمة مع unless ** الجملة بعد unless تكون دائما مثبتة لأنها نفي . 1- If you don't study hard , you won't succeed . ( Unless ) - Unless you study hard , you won't succeed . 2- He would have missed the train if hadn't got up early . ( unless ) - He would have missed the train unless he had got up early . 3- I bought a car as I had much money . ( Unless ) - Unless I had had much money , I wouldn't have bought a car . حذف If مع استخدام فعل الشــرط الحالة الأولى 1- If he runs fast , he will catch the bus . ( Should ) - Should he run fast , he will catch the bus . الحالة الثانية 2- If he succeeded , he would join the university . ( Should ) - Should he succeed , he would join the university . ثانيا : تستخدم Were بدلا من If في الحالة الثانية فقط كالأتي : ** إذا كانت were موجودة في الجملة في حالة ( ... were + فاعل + If ) نحذف if ونقدم were على الفاعل " تبديل " 1- If I were you , I wouldhelp my mother . ( Were ) - Were I you , I would help my mother . ( المصــدر inf. + to + الفاعل + Were ) 2- If he bought that cat , it would cost him much . ( Were ) - Were he to buy that car , it would cost him much . ثالثا : تستخدم Had بدلا من If في الحالة الثانية و الثالثة ** وعند استخدامها في الحالة الثانية لابد أن تكون had موجودة في الجملة . 1- If I had enuogh time , I would go to the cinema . ( Had ) - Had I enough time , I would go to the cinema . * أننا نحذف If و نضع Had قبل الفاعل " تبديل " . * و نستخدم نفس الطريقة في الحالة الثالثة . 2- If he had studied his lessons , he would have succeeded . ( Had ) - Had he studied his lessons . he would have succeeded . 3- If she had hadf a car , she'd have gone to Cairo . ( Had ) - Had she had a car , she'd have gone to Cairo . حـذف If دون استخدام فعل الشــرط 1- نحذف الملمات السابقة if أو should أو were أو had 2- نحذف الفاعل 3- نحذف الفعل بعدها ونضع الاسم من الفعل ونستخدم الكلمات الآتية : في حالة In case of ( الصفة + being ) أو ( v. + ing ) أو الاســــم + في حالة In the event of 1- If he buys that car , it will cost him much . ( In case of ) - In case of buying that car , it will cost him much . 2- If she worked had , she'd succeed . ( In the event of ) - In the event of hard work , she'd succeed . - In the event of working hard , she'd succeed . 3- Were he to succeed . he would join the university . ( In case of ) - In case of his success . he would join the university . عند تحويل جملة بها unless آو if ...... not أو should ..... not أو had .... not من جملة معقدة إلي جملة بسيطة نتبع الآتي : 1- نحذف هذه الأدوات unless أو if .... not أو should .... not أو had .... not 2- نحذف الفاعل 3- نحذف الفعل ونضع بدلا منه الاسم من الفعل باستخدام الكلمات الآتية : بدون Without ( الصفة + being ) أو ( v. + ing ) أو الاســــم + لولا But for 1- Unless he studies well , he won't succeed . ( But for ) - But for studying well , he won't succeed . 2- If I had not helped him , he would have died . ( without ) - Without my help , he would have died . 1- Without television , people would go out more . ( If ) - If it weren't for television , people would go out more . 2- But for the Nile , Egypt would have been desert . ( If ) - If it hadn't been for the Nile , Egypt would have been desert . 1- نستخدم If it weren't for بدلا من Without أو But for في الحالة الثانية عندما يكون الجزء الثاني من الجملة ( جواب الشــرط ) يتكون من ( المصدر + would ) . 2- نستخدم If it hadn't been for بدلا من Without أو But for في الحالة الثالثة عندما يكون الجزء الثاني من الجملة يتكون من ( التصريف الثالثwould have + p.p ) ملاحظات هامة جدا : اذا / طالما بشرط بشرط أن Provided ( that ) / providing / as long as = if 1- You can camp in my field if you leave no mess . ( providing ) - You can camp in my field providing you leave no mess . 2- I'll lend you my computer if you use it carefully . ( provided that ) - I'll lend you my computer provided that you use it carefully . - I'll lend you my computer provided you use it carefully . 3- If you drive carefully , I'll lend you my car . ( As long as ) - As long as you drive carefully , I'll lend you my car . 1- يمكن استخدام providing بدلا من provided - I'll lend you my computer providing you use it carefully . - As long as you are not busy , could you help me ? في النوع الاول من أسلوب الشرط تعطي will الاكادة ( التأكيد ) لجواب الشرط . - If he works hard , he will succeed . ( certainty ) 1- تستخدم may ( ربما / يمكنك أن ) بدلا من will أذا كانت النتيجة ممكنة ولكن غير أكيدة ( ( possible but not certain 1- If he works hard , he may succeed . 2- If you finish your work , you can leave at once . = I give you a permission to leave . 3- If the hotels are full , we are going to rent a flat . 4- If you want to enjoy good health , you must give up smoking . 5- If you want to lose weight , you should eat less bread . في النوع الثاني من أسلوب الشـرط يعطينا ( المصــدر + would ) النتيجة المحققة التي يجرى أهدارها أو الوضع المغاير الذي لابدأن ينشأ لولا أن غياب الشرط هو المانع . ** If he worked hard , he would succeed . = ( But he doesn't work hard ) ** If I lived near my office , I would be in time for work . = ( but I don't live near my office ) ** If I were you , I would plant trees around my house . = ( but I am not you ) 1- نستخدم might بدلا من would لتعبر عن نتيجة غير أكيدة . 1-If you tried again , you might succeed . 2- If you tried again , you could succeed . * في الجملة الأولى نحاول أن نقنع شخص ما و الذي يكون مستعد أن يحاول ولكن * في الجملة الثانية نلقي عليه اللوم . في النوع الثالث من أسلوب الشــرط حيث لم يحدث فعل الشــرط ولا جواب الشــرط و يعطينا ( would have + p.p ) النتيجة الت تم أهدارها أو الوضع الذي امتنع نتيجة لعدم تحقق الشــرط . * If he had worked hard , he would have succeeded . = ( he didn't work hard so he didn't succeed ) 1- نستخدم might ( ربما كان / لعله كان ) بدلا من would لتعبر عن نتيجة غير أكيدة في الماضي 1- If he had worked hard , he might have succeeded . = ( that is , it was possible but not certain ) 2- If we had found him earlier , we could have saved his life . التحيـــات Greetings - عندما تقابل شخص في الصباح تقول : صباح الخير Good morning الرد Good morning - عندما تقابل شخص بعد الظهر تقول : تحية بعد الظهر Good afternoon الرد Good afternoon - عندما تقابل شخص في المساء تقول : مساء الخير Good evening الرد Good evening - عندما تترك شخص ما في المساء تقول : تصبحوا على خير Good night الرد Good night تشرفنا How do you do ? الرد How do you do ? ** عندما تقابل شخص تعرفه جيدا كصديق مثلا ( غير رسمي ) تقول : كيف حالك ؟ How are you ? الرد بخير اشكرك I'm fine thank you . كيف حال الأمور ؟ How are things ? الرد بخير , وأنت ؟ Fine , and you ? ** عندما تترك شخص تقول : مع السلامه Bye Bye الرد Bye Bye أراك على خير see you الرد See you كان لطيف أن اراك ىIt was nice to see you ** لا تنسى أبدا تحية الأســلام : السـلام عليكم peace be upon you ! ** عندما تقدم شخص أو أشخاص لأخرين تقول : This is ……………... ( Ahmed , my brother , ….etc. I'd like you to meet …………... ( Mr. Sayed , Mona ……..etc. ) - Write what would you say in each of the following situations: 1- You meet your friend Ali in the morning . 2- You meet your boss for the first time . 3- You reply when your uncle asks : How are you ? 4- You meet a friend of your father in the evening . 5- Your English pen friend is visiting Egypt . You meet him at the airport . 6- You leave your family to go to bed . 7- You leave your friend Hossam in the afternoon . 8- A friend of yours greets you by saying ( Hello , How are you ? ) . 9- You meet your uncle in the afternoon . 10- You leave your teacher . 11- You meet your friend at 6 am . 12- You meet your friend in the garden . 13- You are a clerk . You meet your boss for the first time . 14- You are leaving your friends after finishing school . 15- You leave your parents at night to go to bed . 16- You introduce your friend to your brother . الطلب المهذب Polite Request طلب الأذن Asking for Permission ** طلب الأذن Asking for permission :- May I ………….. Can I …………... borrow your pen ? Could I ………… ** اعطاء الأذن Giving permission :- نعم بالطبع - Yes , of course . بالتأكيد - Certainly = Sure . بكل سرور - With pleasure . اليك ما طلبت - Go ahead . خذ ما تريد - Here you are . ** رفض الأذن Refusing permission :- أفضل أن لا تفعل - Sorry , I'd rather you didn't . أسف اني أحتاجها - Sorry , I need it myself . انتبـــه :- Do you mind if I ………. هل لديك مانع لو انني ؟ borrow your pen ? Would you mind if ……… * في حالة الموفقة Giving permission :- لا توجد مشكلة - No problem . ليس مطلقا على الاطلاق - Not at all . لا امانع / ليس عندي مانع - No , I don't mind . نعم امانع - Yes , I mind نعم اني أحتاجها - Yes , I need it myself هل تستطيع .......... , من فضلك ؟ please ? ... ( فعل ) ... - Could you - Could you answer the telephone , please ? ** Write what would you say in each of the following situations : 1- You would like to borrow your friend's book . 2- You want your younger brother to switch on the light . 3- You want the teacher to let you leave early . 4- Your friend wants to borrow your camera but you need it . 5- Your neighbour wants to use your computer and you agree . 6- You would like to use your friend's telephone . 7- Your friend wants to use your pen . You refuse . 8- You want to borrow your friend's bike . 9- You would like you sister to bring you a cup of coffee . 10- You ask your friend if you can open the window as it too hot . 11- You ask your mother to give you a permission to go with your friends on a picnic . 12- Your friend wants to use your cassette , but you need it . 14- You are Adel's father . Adel asks you to allow him to go to the zoo . You agree . 15- Your friend asks you to lend him your ruler but you need it . تقــديـم الأقـــتراحات Making Suggestions لما لا ؟? ............. المصـدر Why don't you ( you ) + inf.- ما رأيك ؟ What ( How ) about + v. + ing ……………….?- هيا بنا ................... المصـدر - Let's + inf. هل لنا أن ؟ ?….............. المصـدر Shall we + inf. - * قبول الأقتراح Accepting suggestion :- انها فكرة جيدة - That's a good idea . مناسبة بالنسبة لي - Fine by me . انها تبدو رائعة - That sounds fine . وهوكذلك و لما لا ؟ - Ok , why not ? لست متحمسا لذلك - I'm not very keen . أنا حقيقة لا أحب ذلك - I really don't feel like it . ربما في وقت اخر - May be some other time . لا فائدة - No way . أود ذلك ولكن.... - I'd love to , but ………… وهو كذلك ولكني أفضل أن .... - Ok , but I prefer to ……. خلي بالك من كلامك :- عند ابلاغ شخص بأقترحات شخص أخر نستخدم : + suggested + v. + ing …. الفاعل 1- " What about eating ' Kebab ' for lunch ? " - He suggested eating ' Kebab ' for lunch . 2- " let's play football in the afternoon . " - They suggested playing football in the afternoon . ** Write what would you say in each of the following situations : 1- You suggests going in a picnic on Friday . 2- Your friend suggest going to the cinema but you are too busy . 3- A friend suggests playing football and you like the idea . 4- Your friend suggests going to the theatre . You give a positive reply . 5- Your friend suggests doing the homework with you but you don't like the idea . 6- Your brother say " Let's go to the zoo but you don't agree . 7- Your friend suggests going to the club and you like the idea . 8- Your friend suggests playing a computer game . You don't agree . 9- It's too hot . You suggest having a cold drink . 10- You suggest to go the club . 11- Your friend suggests going on a picnic , you give a negative reply . 12- You suggest spending the weekend on your uncle's farm . 13- Your brother suggests watching TV . You give a positive reply . 14- You ask your friend Ali to go with you to the library . 15- Your friend asks you to have dinner at a restaurant but you don't feel hungry . تصريف الافعال الشاذة Conjugation of Irregular Verbs Past Participle التصريف الثالث Past الماضي معنى الفعل باللغة العربية Infinitive / Present المضارع / المصـدر م arisen arose ينهض arise 1 awaken awoke يستيقظ awake 2 been was / were يكون am / is / are 3 born bore يلد bear 4 borne bore يتحمل bear 5 beaten beat يهزم / يضرب beat 6 become became يصبح become 7 bent bent يلوي / يثني bend 8 begun began يبدأ begin 9 bet bet يراهن bet 10 bound bound يربط bind 11 bitten bit يعض bite 12 bled bled ينزف / يدمي bleed 13 blown blew تهب / ينفخ blow 14 broken broke يكسر break 15 bred bred يربي breed 16 brought brought يحضر bring 17 broadcast broadcast يذيع broadcast 18 built built يبني build 19 burnt / burned burrnt / burned يحرق / يحترق burn 20 burst burst ينفجر burst 21 bought bought يشتري buy 22 caught caught يمسك / يصطاد catch 23 chosen chose يختار choose 24 come came يأتي / يحضر come 25 cost cost يكلف cost 26 cut cut يقطع cut 27 crept crept يزحف creep 28 dealt dealt يتعامل deal 29 dug dug يحفر dig 30 done did يفعل do 31 drawn drew يرسم draw 32 dreamt / dreamt dreamt / dreamed يحلم dream 33 drunk drank يشرب drink 34 driven drove يقود سيارة drive 35 dwelt dwelt يسكن / يقطن dwell 36 eaten ate يأكل eat 37 fallen fell يسقط / يقع fall 38 fed fed يطعم / يغذي feed 39 Felt felt يشعر feel 40 fortold fortold يتنبأ fortell fought fought يحارب fight 42 found found يجد find 43 flown flew يطير fly 44 forbidden forbade يمنع forbid 45 forgotten forgot ينسى forget 46 forgiven forgave forgive 47 frozen froze يتجمد freeze 48 got got يحصل على get 49 given gave يعطي give 50 gone went يذهب go 51 ground ground يطحن grind 52 grown grew يزرع / ينمو grow 53 hung hung يعلق hang 54 had had يملك have 55 heard heard يسمع hear 56 hidden hid يخبئ / يختبئ hide 57 hit hit يضرب / يصطدم hit 58 held held يمسك hold 59 hurt hurt يضر / يؤذي hurt 60 kept kept يحفظ / يصون keep 61 knelt knelt يركع kneel 62 known knew يعرف know 63 laid laid يضع lay 64 led led يقود lead 65 leapt leapt يقفز leap 66 learnt / learned learnt / learned يتعلم learn 67 left left يترك leave 68 lent lent يسلف / يقرض lend 69 let let يدع / يسمح let 70 lain lay يرقد lie 71 lied lied يكذب lie 72 lit lit يضئ / يشعل light 73 lost lost يفقد lose 74 made made يصنع / يجعل make 75 meant meant يعني / يقصد mean 76 met met يقابل meet 77 mistaken mistook يخطئ mistake 78 misunderstood mosunderstood يسئ الفهم misunderstand 79 outrun outran يتفوق على outrun 80 overcome overcame يتغلب على overcome 81 overthrown overthrew يطيح بـ overthrow 82 put put يضع put 83 read read يقرأ read 84 ridden rode يركب ride 85 rung rang يدق / يرن ring 86 risen rose يشرق / ينهض rise 87 run ran يجري run 88 said said يقول say 89 seen saw يرى see 90 sought sought يبحث عن seek 91 sold sold يبيع sell 92 Sent sent يرسل send 93 set set يضع / يبدأ set 94 sewn sewed يحيك / يخيط sew 95 shaken shook يهز / يهتز shake 96 shed shed يذرف / يسفك shed 97 shone shone يلمع / يضئ shine 98 shot shot يطلق / يقذف نارا shoot 99 shown showed يبين / يري show 100 shrunk shrank ينكمش / يتقلص shrink 101 shut shut يغلق shut 102 sung sang يغني sing 103 sat sat يجلس sit 104 slain slew يذبح / يقتل slay 105 slept slept ينام sleep 106 slid slid ينزلق slide 107 smelt smelt يشم smell 108 sown sowed يبذر sow 109 spoken spoke يتكلم speak 110 spelt spelt يتهجى spell 111 spent spent يقضي / ينفق spend 112 Spilled spilled يسكب Spill 113 spun span يغزل spin 114 split split يشق / ينشطر split 115 spoilt spoilt يفسد spoil 116 spread spread ينتشر / ينشر spread 117 sprung sprang يقفز spring 118 stood stood يقف stand 119 stolen stole يسرق steal 120 stuck stuck يلصق stick 121 stung stung يلدغ sting 122 stridden strode يخطو stride 123 struck struck يضرب / يخبط strike 124 sworn swore يقسم ( بالله ) swear 125 swept swept يكنس / يكتسح sweep 126 swollen swelled يتورم swell 127 swum swam يسبح / يعوم swim 128 swung swang يتأرجح / يتمايل swing 129 taken took يأخذ take 130 taught taught يعلم teach 131 Torn tore يمزق tear 132 told told يخبر tell 133 thrown threw يرمي / يقذف throw 134 thought thought يفكر / يعتقد think 135 trodden trod يطأ / يدوس tread 136 undergone underwent يمر بـ / يجتاز undergo 137 understood understood يفهم understand 138 undertaken undertook يعهد بـ undertake 139 woken / waked woke / waked يوقظ wake 140 worn wore يرتدي / يلبس wear 141 woven wove ينسج weave 142 wept wept يبكي / ينوح weep 143 won won يكسب / يفوز win 144 wound wound يلف / يربط wind 145 withdrawn withdrew ينسحب withdraw 146 withstood withstood يتحمل withstand 147 wrung wrung يعصر wring 148 written wrote يكتب write 149 |
thaaaaaaaaaaaaaanks alot
|
جميع الأوقات بتوقيت GMT +2. الساعة الآن 10:25 PM. |
Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.11
Copyright ©2000 - 2025, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.