[عماد ذكي]

حتى الان لم يرد على احد ما رايه فيما ورد في هذا المرجع وهل هو خطأ لا نستخدمه
وهذا نص ما في الصفحة بدون تعليق
The past perfect tense

194 Form and use

A Form This tense is formed with had and the past participle:
Affirmative: I had/I'd worked etc.
Negative: I had not/hadn't worked etc.
Interrogative: had I worked? etc.
Negative interrogative: had I not/hadn't I worked? etc.
B Use
The past perfect is the past *****alent of the present perfect.
Present: Ann has just left. If you hurry you'll catch her. (See 183.)
Past: When I arrived Ann had just left.
Present: I've lost my case. (See 184.)
Past: He had lost his case and had to borrow Tom's pyjamas.
Unlike the present perfect the past perfect is not restricted to actions whose time is not mentioned. We could therefore say:
He had left his case on the 4.40 train.
The present perfect can be used with since/for/always etc, for an action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished (see 186). The past perfect can be used similarly for an action which began before the time of speaking in the past, and
(a) was still continuing at that time or
(b) stopped at that time or just before it.
But note that the past perfect can also be used:
(c) for an action which stopped some time before the time of speaking.
Examples of types (a), (b) and (c) are given below:
(a) Bill was in uniform when I met him. He had been a soldier for ten years/since he was seventeen, and planned to stay in the army till he was thirty.
Ann had lived in a cottage for sixty years/ever since she was born, and had no wish to move to a tower block. (The past perfect continuous tense had been living would also be possible here.)
(b) The old oak tree, which had stood in the churchyard/or 300 years/since before the church was built, suddenly crashed to the ground. (The past perfect continuous tense had been standing would also be possible here.)
Peter, who had waited for an hour/since ten o'clock, was very angry with his sister when she eventually turned up. (had been waiting would also be possible.)
(c) He had served in the army for ten years; then he retired and married. His children were now at school.