[عاطف خليفة]

The Principles of Modern Atomic Theory

* I) The dual nature of the electron
1. The electron is a material particle with wave properties

2. The matter wave motion differ from electromagnetic waves in that they are not separated from the moving body and its speed doesn’t equal light speed.

3. The length of waves associated with the motion of minute particles (such as electron) could be experimentally measured.

* II) The Heisenberg uncertainty principle:
1. The determination of both velocity and position of an electron at the same time is practically impossible

2. It is probable to locate the electron in this or that place (the probability is more precise).

* III) The wave equation (Schrodinger)

1. Schrodinger put a wave equation that could describe the electron wave motion in the atom.

2. Electron cloud is used to describe any orbital

3. Orbital is used to identify region of space around the nucleus in which the electron most probable exists.