When they come to new vocabulary, ask them to first guess the meaning. You might have to ask a series of questions to develop their ability to do this. For example, ask them if the word is a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb. What else can they deduce from the text — for example, is it something to eat, something to wear, a weapon? If it’s a verb, who or what is doing the action? What would they expect someone or something in that situation to do? Ask them to read a sentence or two farther and see if they can get more information to help them understand the new word.