[Dr.ahmed91]

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة sarah261

اوك شكرا انا فاهمة الجزء دة
انا عاوزة الجزء بتاع co2وh2o
لية co2بصفر والماء برقم معين وبنجيبو على اساس اية؟؟؟؟

ده ال co2





the light blue atom is carbon and the red atoms are oxygen. Carbon dioxide has two polar covalent C-O bonds. However, the bond dipole moments exactly cancel each other since they are pointing in exactly opposite directions. Thus, CO2 has no molecular dipole moment. Please note that the cancellation of bond dipole moments does not change the existence or placement of electron density. Each individual C-O bond has the normal bond dipole moment even though the molecular dipole moment is zero. By the way, you should be able to identify the carbon atom in CO2 as being sp hybridized.



For the molecular model shown on the left, the white atoms are hydrogen and the red atom is oxygen. Water has two very polar covalent bonds between oxygen and hydrogen. Because water is bent (the oxygen atom is sp3 hybridized), the two bond dipole moments add up to give water a relatively large molecular dipole moment. This molecular dipole moment combined with the individual bond dipole moments give water its unique properties that have allowed life to evolve as it has. In particular, later in the semester, we will see how these dipole moments explain water's remarkably high boiling point, as well as its ability to dissolve charged species such as the salt in the ocean.