if بكل الحالات والشواز

[ابن سيناء]

If 1
If مضارع بسيط ( فعل الشرط ) (جواب الشرط) will +inf
الحالة الوحيدة التى تعبر عن واقع (فى الحاضر او المستقبل)
If you come early you will meet me. لا توجد استحالة هنا
************************************************** *
if past simple , would + inf

الماضى هنا يطلق عليه الماضى الغير حقيقى لانه لا يعبرعن الماضى
بل ان الماضى يستخدم للدلالة على ان مايتم افتراضه عكس الواقع
example
If I had enough money I would buy a car.
This means I will not buy a car as I do not have enough money.
انا لن اشترى السيارة لاننى لا املك المال الكافى
**************************************************
if had + p.p , would have + p.p

هذه الحالة هى الوحيدة التى تعبر عن الماضى (عكس ما حدث)
If I had had enough money I would have bought a car.
This means I did not buy a car as I did not have enough money.
انا لم اشترى
لذلك لم يكن لدى المال الكافى
************************************************** **
if present simple , prsent simple

هذه الحالة تعبر عن حقيقة علمية ويفضل ان تكون فى حالة المبنى للمجهول
If water is boiled it evaporates.
************************************************** **
دون احداث تغيير if كلمات تعمل عمل
If =provided=provided that=providing=as long as=in case
If you study hard you will succeed.
If هنا يمكن وضع اى كلمة من هذه الكلمات مكان مع احداث تغيير if كلمات تعمل عمل
In case of + noun or verb+ing
( جواب الشرط )
In case of studying hard you will succeed.
= If you study hard you will succeed.
In case of her cleverness she would answer the question. 2
= If she were (was) clever she would answer the question.
= She is not clever so she can not answer the question.
In case of having little money I would not have bought the present.
= If I had had little money,I would not have bought the present.
= I did not have little money so I bought the present.
************************************************** **************
Without=But for بدون + noun or verb+ ing
Without (But for) having a proper study plan it is easy to waste time.

Without = but for= If it were not for +noun or verb+ing……….. would +inf.
Without/ But for/ If it were not for / teachers help we would not succeed.
= If teachers did not help us we would not succeed.
= Unless teachers helped us we would not succeed. Unless لو لم = If ..not)

Without=But for بدون + noun or verb+ing ………….would have +pp
Without / But for/ If it had not been for a study plan I would not have succeeded.
= Unless I had had a study plan last year I would not have succeeded.
= If I had not had a study plan last year I would not have succeeded.
************************************************** ****************
Should=If فى الحالة الاولى والثانية
*If you need help I will help you. = Should you need help I will help you.
If I had money I would buy a car. =Should I had money I would buy a car.

Were =If فىالحالة الثانية فقط
( Were) على الفاعل اذا كان الفعل الرئيسى If نقدم
*If I were a doctor I would help you. =Were I a doctor I would help you.
to+inf. اذا كان هناك فعل اخر ويقلب الفعل الى if بدلا من were تستخدم
*If he played well he would be chosen for the school team.
*Were he to play well he would be chosen for the school team.

ويتم تقديمها على الفاعل If بدلا من Had تستخدم
If Ali had got up early he would have come to school early.
Had Ali got up early he would have come to school early.

[محمدحسين]

شرح جميلو مبسط ل if بجميع حالاتها (ترم 2 )

[Sir/Mahmoud]

شكرا ليك علي توضيح الدرس بهذه الطريقه المبسطه

[indomitable]

1- The first conditional "if "
قاعدة if الاولى
- If + present simple مضارع بسيط + future simple مستقبل بسيط
المضارع البسيط هو التصريف الاول للفعل باضافة s/ es مع he – she – it – sin,
ينفى المضارع البسيط بـ المصدر + don’t ( اذا لم ينته الفعل بـ s/ es )
و المصدر + doesn’t ( اذا انتهى الفعل بـ s/ es )

- تعبر قاعدة if الاولى عن :-
1- التنبؤ prediction
Ex1:-
- Perhaps, my brother will arrive from London next week , in that case , we will meet him at the airport (If )
* If my brother arrives from London next week , we will meet him at the airport.

Ex2:-
-It is possible that I will win a lot of money , if so , I will buy a villa ( If )
* If I win a lot of money , I will buy a villa.

Ex 3:-
- Eating too much fats causes indigestion (If)
*If you eat too much fats , you will (may)have indigestion عسر هضم
لاحظ الجملة السابقة انها دلت على تنبؤ فى المستقبل ولاحظ ايضا ان المرض يسبق بـ have
Ex4:-
- Walking during heavy rain causes flue (If)
* If you walk during heavy rain, you will (may) have flue.

Ex5:-
-Running fast makes you tired ( If )
* If you run fast , you will ( may) be tired
الصفة تسبق بـ be

2- الوعد : promise
1- I promise to visit you when I have time ( If)
- If I have time , I will visit you
لاحظ ان if حلّت محل when
-I will give you the book but you must promise to return it tomorrow ( If)
- I will give you the book if you promise to return it tomorrow.
يمكن وضع If فى المنتصف ويأتى بعدها ايضا المضارع البسيط

3- التهديد Threat
- لاحظ ان هناك بعض الادوات التى نستخدمها للتهديد وهى :-
- Or/ or else / otherwise والا
تستخدم هذه الادوات فى التهديد ولا تأتى فى بداية الكلام
تسبق هذه الادوات بامر ( مثبت او منفى )
الامر المثبت هو ما يبدأ بالتصريف الاول للفعل – او always ( بدون فاعل ) مثل :-
Open the door/ stand up / come here / Always come in time / Always be careful ---
اما الامر المنفى هو ما يبدأ بـ Don’t او Never بدون فاعل مثل :-
Don’t smoke here / Don’t shout / Never tell lies again / Never be late again ----
Ex 1:-
-If you smoke again , I will tell your father ( or )
نحذف If you ونحول جملة الامر المثبت الى منفى اى نضع Don’t او Never
- Don’t smoke again ,or I will tell your father.
Ex2:-
-If you don’t come in time , I wont let you in ( otherwise)
نحذف if you ونحول الامر المنفى الى مثبت اى نحذف Don’t
- Come in time , otherwise , I wont let you in .
اى ان الامر المثبت يحول الى منفى والعكس صحيح .
Ex 3:-
- Don’t shout or , I will punish you ( If )
*If you shout , I will punish you
Ex 4:-
-Hurry up otherwise you will be late ( If )
* If you don’t hurry up , you will be late.

ملحوظه هامة:- يمكن حذف If والبدء بـ should
-If this house falls down , many people will be killed ( Should)
• Should this house fall down , many people will be killed .

- يمكن ايضا استخدم جملة امر بدلا من جملة المستقبل البسيط :-
- If you meet Ali , tell him that I want him .
- If there is fire, ring the bell .


2- The second conditional " If"
قاعدة If الثانية
- If + past simple (ماضى بسيط) + would + التصريف الاول للفعل

لاحظ ان الماضى البسيط هو التصريف الثانى للفعل – وينفى الماضى البسيط بـ المصدر + didn’t

تعبر قاعدة If الثانية عن :-
1- الامنية Wish
لاحظ ان الامنية تكون فى المضارع ونعبر عنها بالماضى البسيط للدلالة على استحالة حدوثها فى الوقت الحالى
يحول الاثبات الى النفى والعكس
لاحظ ان التصريف الثانى من am – is – are هو were
-He isn’t a doctor , he can`t help you ( If )
* If he were a doctor, he would help you.

-He doesn’t use a seat belt , he is in danger ( If )
• If he used a seat belt, he wouldn’t be in danger.

- He tells lies, we don’t believe what he says ( If)
* If he didn’t tell lies , we would believe what he says.
ملحوظة هامة 1:- عند وجود because – as – since نبدل الجملتين قبل الحل
- I can`t buy the car as I don’t have enough money ( If)
*If I had enough money , I would buy the car.

2- النصيحة advice
- هناك تعبيرات تستخدم لاعطاء النصيحة بصيغة مباشرة مثل:-
- should – ought to – had better – (am- is-are ) supposed to + المصدر
Ex:- You should come in time .
- You had better sleep early
- You ought to be careful
- You are supposed to study hard .
وعند طلب استخدام If فى مثل هذه العبارات فاننا نبدأ بهذه الجملة If I were you
ثم نحول الفاعل فيها الى I واساليب النصيحة الى would فى الاثبات او الى wouldn’t فى النفى
Ex1:- You should come in time ( If)
- If I were you , I would come in time
Ex2:- You are supposed to be careful ( If)
- If I were you , I would be careful
Ex 3:- You shouldn’t smoke ( If )
- If I were you , I wouldn’t somke.

ملحوظة هامة :-
يمكن حذف If والبدء بـ Were
Ex:- If I were a doctor , I would help you ( Were)
- Were I a doctor , I would help you .

اما عند عدم وجود Were كفعل اساسي فاننا نستخدم
Were + فاعل + to + التصريف الاول للفعل
Ex 2:- If he used the seat belt , he wouldn’t be in danger ( Were)
- Were he to use the seatbelt , he wouldn’t be in danger.

Ex 3:- If he came in time , he would see the doctor ( Were)
- Were he to come in time , he would see the doctor.

Choose :-
1- ------- the question , he would get the prize
a)- if he answers b)- if he had answered c)- were he to answer

2- Were he to arrive early , he ------ me
a)- will see b)- would see c)- would have seen


3- The third conditional " If "
قاعدة If الثالثة
If + past perfect ( ماضى تام ) + would have + pp
الماضى التام هو had + pp
وتعبر عن الندم او الاستحالة فى الماضى
لاحظ :- تستخدم القاعدة الثالثة مع الجمل الماضية – ويحول الاثبات الى النفى والعكس ( او نأتى بعكس الفعل او الصفة )
Ex1:-He didn’t use the seat belt , he was injured ( If )
If he had used the seat belt , he wouldn’t have been injured.
فى الجملة السابقة :-
1- استخدمنا القاعدة الثالثة لان الجملتين ماضى
2- الجملة الاولى منفية فتم تحويلها الى الاثبات والثانية مثبتة فحولت الى النفى عند استخدام القاعدة
3- التصريف الثالث من was – were هو been

Ex2:- He got up late , he couldn’t catch the bus ( If )
- If he hadn’t got up late , he would have caught the bus .
- Or) If he had got up early , he would have caught the bus .

ملحوظة هامة 1:- عند وجود because – as – since- but نبدل الجملتين قبل الحل
Ex1:- He couldn’t come because he got up late ( If )
If he hadn’t got up late , he would have come .

Ex2:- I wanted to buy the jacket but I didn’t have enough money ( If)
- If I had had enough money , I would have bought the jacket.

ملحوظة هامة 2 :- يمكن حذف If وتقديم Had او Hadn`t على الفاعل
Ex1:- If he had arrived in time , he would have met the manager ( Had )
- Had he arrived in time , he would have met the manager.

Choose :-
1- ----------early , he would have caught the bus
a)- if he gets up b)- If he got up c)- Had he got up

2- Had he brought the camera , we------- many photos .
a)- will take b)- would take c)- would have taken .



لاحظ استخدام in case / whether / as long as / provided that/ providing
بدلا من If
لاحظ ايضا ان In case of تستخدم بدلا من If ولكن يأتى بعدها اسم او v+ ing
If you study hard , you will get high marks ( Incase of )
In case of studying hard , you will get high marks.
Or ) In case of hard study , you will get high marks.











لها نفس قواعد If ( الاولى والثانية والثالثة ) بشرط ان الجملة التى بعدها مثبته دائما

Ex1:- If he hadn’t studied hard , he wouldn’t have got high marks ( Unless )
Unless he had studied hard , he wouldn’t have got high marks.

Ex2:- If he had got money , he would have bought the car ( Unless )
- Unless he had got money, he wouldn’t have bought the car.

عند التحويل العكسى من unless الى If ننفى الجملة الاولى ولا نغير فى الثانية .
Ex 3:- Unless he had got the camera, he wouldn’t have taken a photo (If)
- If he hadn’t got the camera , he wouldn’t have taken a photo.

هذه الادوات تحل محل Unless ولكن يأتى بعدها ( اسم – او V+ ing )
A)- But for b)- without c)- If it were not for c)-If it hadn’t been for
مع ملاحظة ان but for و without تحل محل unless فى كل الحالات ( الاولى والثانية والثالثة )
اما if it weren’t for فتحل محل Unless فى الحالة الثانية فقط
و If it hadn’t been for فى الحالة الثالثة فقط
Ex1:- Unless the doctor had helped me , I would have been in danger ( If it )
من الواضح ان الجملة السابقة حالة ثالثة لذا فاننا نستخدم If it hadn’t been for وبعده الاسم
If it hadn’t been for the doctor`s help , I would have been in danger .

Ex2:- Unless he had been ill , he would have come in time ( If it )
- If it hadn’t been for his illness , he would have come in time
- Or)- If it hadn’t been for being ill , he would have come in time .

عند وجود Without او But for وطلب منك استخدام If فاننا نستخدم If it weren’t for اذا كانت حالة ثانية او نستخدم If it hadn’t been for فى الحالة الثالثة مع عدم التغيير فيما بعدها
Ex 1:-
Without the teacher's explanation , I wouldn’t have understood the lesson (If)/ ( If it)
من الواضح انها الحالة الثالثة :-
- If it hadn’t been for the teacher's explanation , I wouldn’t have understood the lesson
اما عند استخدام Unless فاننا نستخدم بعدها جملة من فاعل وفعل
- Unless the teacher had explained the lesson to me , I wouldn’t have understood it.
اسئلة من امتحانلت سابقة مع الحل :-
1- ث/ع 2002 د.ا
Choose :-
- I wouldn’t have reached this stage unless she -------- me.
a)-helped b)- had helped c)- was helping c)- would help
2- ث/ع 2002 د.2

- What ------- if he had left the meeting?
a)-will happen b)-would happen c)- had happened d)- would have happened

3- ث/ع 2003 د.1
------- he understand the lesson if he read the summary ?
a)-will b)- Did c)- Would d)- Can

Rewrite :-
-If he had studied hard , he would have passed the exam (because)
نقوم بتبديل الجملتين والتحويل من النفى الى الاثبات والعكس
- He didn’t pass the exam because he didn’t study hard.
لاحظ ان الماضى البسيط ينفى باستخدام المصدر + didn’t

4- ث/ع 2003 د.2
- She couldn’t have gone out during the eclipse if she ----- superstitious.
a)- was b)- had been c)- were d)- is

5- ث/ع 2004 د.1
-Without your help , I would have lost my way in the desert (If)
- If it hadn’t been for your help , I would have lost my way in the desert
Or)- If you hadn’t helped me , I would have lost my way in the desert.

6- ث/ع 2004 د.2
- I ------ out if it is stormy.
a)- wouldn’t go b)- won't go c)- wouldn’t have gone d)- hadn’t gone
7 – ث/ع 2005 د 1
- I would put on protective glasses if I ------- you .
a)- were b)- will be c)- has been d)- am .

8- ث/ع 2005 د 2
- Rewrite :-
- He will buy a car only if he has money ( provided that)
- He will buy a car provided that he has a car.

9- ث/ع 2006 د 1
- If he had studied well , he ------ the best mark.
a)- would get b)- will get c)- would be got d)- would have got


Rewrite
If the team don’t improve their game , they are going to lose the match (Unless)
• Unless the team improve their game , they are going to lose the match.

10-ث/ ع 2006 د2
If Wael lost his job , he ----- look for work in another city .
a)- will b)- would c)- would not d)- will not

11- ث/ ع 2007
Unless I'd had protective glasses , I ------ the eclipse
a)- couldn’t watch b)- wouldn’t watch
c)- would have been watched d)- wouldn’t have watched

[فتاة الإسلام]

جزاك الله خيرا

[MohammeD el_SadaT]

جزاك الله خيراً
وجعله فى ميزان حسناتك
أستاذى الفاضل