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| المنتدى الأكاديمي للمعلمين ملتقى مهني أكاديمي متخصص للأساتذة الأفاضل في جميع المواد التعليمية (تربية وتعليم & أزهر) |
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02-03-2009, 07:16 PM
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Spelling, Vocabulary, and Confusing Words
السيد المعداوى ههيا شرقية Spelling, Vocabulary, and Confusing Words Because many words in English sound or look alike, frequently causing confusion, this list will be very helpful. a vs. an Rule. Use a when the first letter of the word following has the sound of a consonant. Keep in mind that some vowels sound like consonants when they’re sounded out as individual letters. Examples:
Rule. Use an when the first letter of the word following has the sound of a vowel. Remember that some consonants sound like vowels when they’re spoken as individual letters. Examples:
Deciding whether to use a or an before abbreviations can be tricky. The abbreviation for Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) causes confusion because it can be pronounced as a word (fak), or one letter at a time (F-A-Q). Using the guidelines above, one would say a FAQ when it is pronounced as one word, and an FAQ when it is pronounced one letter at a time. accept except to agree; to receive but, with the exception that ad add advertisement to perform addition ades aides AIDS aids fruit drinks people who help; assistants acronym for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome helps, assists adverse averse unfortunate; strongly opposed (refers to things, not people) Examples: an adverse reaction to the medication adverse weather conditions having repugnance (refers to people) Example: He is averse to a military draft. advice (noun) advise (verb) recommendation the act of giving a recommendation affect vs. effect Rule 1. Use effect when you mean bring about or brought about, cause or caused. Example: He effected a commotion in the crowd. Meaning: He caused a commotion in the crowd. Rule 2. Use effect when you mean result. Example: What effect did that speech have? Rule 3. Also use effect whenever any of these words precede it: a, an, any, the, take, into, no. These words may be separated from effect by an adjective. Examples: That book had a long-lasting effect on my thinking. Has the medicine produced any noticeable effects? Rule 4. Use the verb affect when you mean to influence rather than to cause. Example: How do the budget cuts affect your staffing? Rule 5. Affect is used as a noun to mean emotional expression. Example: She showed little affect when told she had won the lottery. ail ale to be ill; to cause pain or distress malt beverage more bitter than beer air err heir what we breathe make a mistake one who inherits something aisle I’ll isle passageway contraction for I will a small island all awl entire, everything a tool allot a lot to parcel out always two words meaning many allowed aloud gave permission to said out loud; spoken all ready already means all are ready Example: We are all ready to go. refers to time Example: Is it summer already? all together altogether refers to a group; all of us or all of them together Example: It is wonderful to be all together to celebrate your birthday. entirely Example: It is not altogether his fault. altar alter pedestal, usually religious Example: They exchanged wedding vows at the altar of the church. to modify Example: Please don't alter your plans until we have the final schedule approved. allude elude illude to refer indirectly Example: He alluded to his past as a spy. avoid capture Example: The fugitive eluded the police for a month. mislead Example: He illuded her about his age. allusion illusion an indirect mention of something false perception ambiguous ambivalent to have more than one meaning Example: The law was ambiguous. to have mixed feelings Example: She is ambivalent about her wedding dress. amicable amiable friendly (refers to things, not people) friendly (refers to people) Example: The amiable couple had an amicable divorce. among between involves three or more Example: Who among us has not lied? involves just two Example: She couldn’t decide between Chinese and Thai food. amount number used for things not countable Example: We couldn't handle that amount of ill will. used for things that can be counted Example: The number of accidents increased by ten percent. ant aunt a bug the sister of a parent ante auntie a bet placed before playing affectionate term for a parent’s sister anxious eager to have anxiety or worry Example: She is anxious about taking the test. excited Example: She is eager to get a puppy. any more anymore something additional or further Example: It didn’t rain any more this year than last year. any longer, nowadays Example: Harry doesn’t travel anymore. appraise apprise to put a value on something to notify arc ark arch, crescent, half moon a vessel or a refuge ascent (noun) assent (noun or verb) consent movement upward enthusiastic agreement; to agree agreement assistance (noun) assistants (noun) help people who help assumption presumption an idea not based on evidence an idea based on evidence assure ensure insure to promise or say with confidence to make sure something will/won't happen to issue an insurance policy ate eight past tense of eat the number after seven aural oral having to do with hearing having to do with the mouth averse (see adverse) awed odd in a state of amazement unusual; opposite of even when referring to numbers aye eye I yes organ one sees with pronoun bald bawled having no hair cried ball bawl a sphere to cry or wail loudly band banned a group, sometimes a group of musicians forbidden bare bear *****, unconcealed, plain the animal base bass the bottom; vulgar; headquarters (singular) low vocal or instrumental range (pronounced like lace); a type of fish ( pronounced like lass) based baste be dependent or supported to moisten; to criticize or lash out at bases (noun, verb) basis (noun) headquarters (plural of base); builds on foundation; belief be bee to exist or live insect beach beech sandy area with water type of tree with smooth, gray bark beat beet to strike violently; to flutter or flap; to pound as with a drum; to defeat; to stir vigorously a plant with a fleshy red or white root beau bough (noun) bow (noun) bow (noun, verb) boyfriend (pronounced like owe) branch of a tree (pronounced like cow) part of a set with arrows (pronounced like owe) boat front, a male's form of curtsy, bending at the waist; comply (pronounced like cow) because vs. since Rule. Because and since can be used almost interchangeably although because always indicates cause and effect and since is used for a relationship or time. Example: Since I have some extra money, I will buy shoes. (not cause and effect) Example: I will go to the game because my daughter is on the team. (cause and effect) Example: I have wanted to talk to you since yesterday. (time) been bin form of be used with has or have container bell belle chime or alarm; a signal beautiful or charming woman berth birth a boat dock; bedroom or bed being born; beginning better bettor of higher quality someone who places bets between (see among) biannual biennial semiannual twice a year every two years twice a year (same as biannual) bite byte to use one’s teeth to tear food computer term for eight bits of information billed build charged a fee construct blew blue past tense of blow the color bloc block a group united for a particular purpose city street; a cube-shaped object boar bore male pig someone or something not interesting board bored piece of wood; a group of people uninterested boarder border someone who pays for room and food perimeter; boundary bode bowed predict bent (pronounced like owed) bold bowled daring to have gone bowling; knocked over bolder boulder more daring a large rock boos booze sounds made by disapproving audience alcohol bough (see beau) bow (see beau) boy buoy male child a naval beacon or marker brake break stop separate into pieces bread bred a food; slang for money past tense of breed; raised brewed brood (verb, noun) fermented mull over; a cluster or family brews bruise ferments a black-and-blue mark, contusion bridal bridle relating to brides a harness, usually for a horse bring take you bring something towards you take something away broach brooch to raise a topic a bauble; a piece of jewelry brows browse the hairs in the arch above the eyes search for, peruse but butt (noun/verb) except bottom; joke object; to ram buy by bye purchase, acquire near, next to short for goodbye cache cash hidden stash money calendar colander chart of days and months sieve to drain off liquids can may able to permission to cannon canon large, mounted gun rule, commandment canvas canvass awning cloth, tarp to poll; a poll capital capitol assets; essential; main city statehouse carat caret carrot karat unit of weight in gemstones a proofreading mark to show insertion (^) edible root a unit for measuring the fineness of gold cast (noun, verb) caste group of actors; to throw a social class, a rigid system of social distinctions cay key quay a small, low island (also spelled key) a small, low island; instrument for opening locks (pronounced key) wharf, dock, pier cede seed to surrender reproductive germ cell sell prison room; basic structural unit of an organism to exchange for money censor (verb, noun) censure sensor disallow; person who disallows Example: The soldier's letters were censored before mailing. to disapprove of; criticize strongly Example: The children were censured by the principal. a device that measures heat, light, etc. and transmits a signal to a control or measuring instrument cent scent sent a penny a smell, aroma transmitted cereal ****** breakfast food a series or array chance chants accident(al) chorus, melody chased chaste went after pure, virginal chews choose how one eats food with teeth to pick childish childlike immature innocent Chile chili chilly a country in South America a type of pepper; a dish with peppers in it cold, brisk choral coral chorale corral a cappella, singing without instruments material that makes up reefs; orange color a hymn, a choir horse pen chord cord cored three or more musical tones sounded simultaneously; line segment joining two points on a curve a rope or strand of flexible material removed the center of something chute shoot (verb, noun) an inclined shaft to discharge from a weapon; a stem cite sight site to assert; to quote from; to subpoena vision, the power to see a location or position classic classical important; fundamental having to do with Greek or Roman antiquity; pertaining to eighteenth-to nineteenth-century music clause claws in grammar, a group of words containing a subject and verb; part of a contract an animal’s nails click clique a sound a group climactic climatic having to do with the climax having to do with the climate close (verb, adjective) clothes to shut (pronounced like rose); nearby (pronounced like dose) apparel coarse course rough, lacking in fineness of texture; crude a class; a path colander (see calendar) colonel kernel an officer in the military a seed complement compliment completing part of an order praise confidant confident someone confided in certain, sure connote denote to suggest, imply Example: A growling dog connotes danger. to be a sign of Example: Certain clouds denote rain on the way. consent (see assent) continual continuous repeated but with breaks in between; chronic Example: The continual problem of our car not starting forced us to sell it. without interruption in an unbroken stream of time or space Example: The continuous dripping of the faucet drove me crazy. core corps corpse center or crucial part trained group dead body cosign cosine to sign along with a trigonometry term council counsel (verb, noun) a group of people meeting for a purpose advise; advice, an attorney creak creek a sound a stream crews cruise many groups a trip or vacation by sea criteria criterion plural of criterion a standard for evaluating or testing something cue queue a hint; a stimulus a line of people waiting currant current type of small berry up to date curser cursor someone who swears or wishes misfortune on another a blinking symbol indicating position on a computer screen |
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