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#1
30-07-2009, 03:29 AM
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الروابط - محمد طرطور
The Conjunctionsأدوات الربط The Compound Conjunctions:أدوات ربط الجملة المركبة Not only ......... But also (1) Not only + H.V. + S ... But (also) ...(as well) Ex: They participated in the match. They achieved good results as well. Not only did they participate in the match but also achieved good results. Ex: He is a famous actor. He draws pictures also. Not only is he a famous actor but draws pictures as well. ________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________ Subject + not only + verb but also --------------- Ex : They participated in the mach . They achieved good results as well . They not only participated in the match but also achieved good results. Ex : He is a famouse actor . He draws pictures also . He is not only a famous actor but draws pictures as well. ________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________ Niether ..... Nor (1) Neither + subject + subject + verb. Ex: The girls are not silly. Their brother is not silly, either. Neither the girls nor their brother is silly Neither + H.V. + S + .... nor + H.V. +S ---------------- Ex: He did not attend my birthday party. He did not send me a present . Neither did he attend my birthday party nor did he send me a present. ________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________ As well as Subject + as well as + subject + verb --------------- Ex: He is wealthy . I am wealthy . he as well as I is wealthy . ________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________ Both ...... and Both + subject + and + subject ---------------- Ex: Ali is a clever young boy. Sameh is a clever young boy. Both Ali and Sameh are clever young boys. ________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________ Thus , so , therefor , hence , and as a result , with the result that · أدوات ربط يأتى قبلهاالحدث وبعدها نتيجة هذا الحدث .Action thus ,hence , therefore , and as a result result consequently , so , with the result that Ex: He was very tired. He stayed at home He was very tired therefore he stayed at home . ________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________ But , Yet , However , Still , nevertheless · تأتى بين جملتين متناقضتين Ex: I like that shirt but it is too long Ex :However careful she is , She sometimes makes mistakes ________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________ The Complex conjunctions تتكون الجملة المركبة من : 1-جزء اساسى وعادة يكون به فاعل وفعل فىزمن معين 2 - جزء تابع ( به فاعل وفعل فى زمن معين وتسبقه أداة ربط معينة ) EX : I was in a hurry * I couldn’t walk quickly ( جزء أساسى ) · تحويل الجملة من جملة معقدة إلى جملة بسيطةIt was raining heavily ( جزء تابع ) Changing a complex sentence into simple one Although I was in hurry,I couldn’t walk quickly because it was raining heavy · إذا كان فاعل الجملتين واحد تغير أداة الربط · الفاعل يحذف من الجملة التى تأتى بعد أداة الربط · الفعل الأصلى يوضع فى صيغة المصدر + ing Ex: Althoughhe achieved nearly all his dreams, he was not satisfied . In spite of achieving nearly all his dreams, he was not satisfied. Ex: Becauseheis ill, he stays at home. Because of being ill, he stays at home. ________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________ 1- أداة الربط تغير 2- ضمير الفاعل يحول إلى صفة الملكية كما فى الجدول I He She It We They You my his her its our their your · إذا كان فاعل أسما يبقى كما هو ويوضع بعده (‘s ) الملكية . · الفعل يحول إلى إسم - إذا كان الفعل V.to.be يشتق الأسم من الصفة Complex Simple Because , As , Since Because of , Owing to If But for , without Unless In spite of , Despite , For all , without Although , Though Too + adj. + to , adj. + enough to so + adjective + that S + present sمضارع بسيط(as if ) past s S + past sماضى بسيط(as if ) had + P.P. (like ) noun Ex:Unless he had helped us, we wouldn’t have been able to finish in time. Without his help, we wouldn’t have been able to finish in time. Ex: As soon as he arrives, I shall visit him. Ex:Immediately on his arrival, I shall visit him. ________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________ Conjunctions of Time الروابـط الزمنية As soon As As soon as ------ S + present s -------- s + future s Shall / will + inf . Ex: As soon as he finishes his work, he will leave . 2- As soon as ------- s + present perfect --------------s + future simple Ex: As soon as he has recovered from his illness, he will take over his work. 3- As soon as ---------- s + past s --------- s + past s. Ex: As soon as she saw the thief, she fainted. 4- As soon as ------- s + had + P.P. -----------s + past s. Ex: As soon as they had returned, they decorated the house. ________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________ Immediately on On noun -----------s + verb. Ex: Immediately on their return, they decorated the house. Ex: Immediately on returning, they decorated the hous. ________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________ Hardly when Scarcely had + S + P.P. when sفاعل + past s No sooner than · أدوات الربط السابقة إذا جاءت فى بداية الجملة مع زمن الماضى التام تقدم على الفعل والجملة الثانية ماضى بسيط . Ex: Hardly had he departed when I hired his room. Ex: No sooner had I succeeded ,than I got some presents. Hardly بدون أى فارق زمنى بين الحدثين when Scarcely did + s + inf when s + past s No sooner than Ex: No sooner did he fail than he was punished. Immediately after ---------- noun ---------s + past s. Ex: Immediately after his failure, he was punished. ________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________ After / Before 1- After --------- s + had + P.P. -----------s + past simple Ex: After he had approved, he withdrew. 2- After --------- noun ---------- subject + past simple 3- After --------- V. + ing ------- subject + past simple. Ex: After his approval, he withdrew. Ex: After aproving, he withdrew. having + P.P. --------- subject + past simple. Ex: Having approved , he withdrew. ________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________ 1- Before ------subject + past s. ----------s + had + P.P. Ex: Before he died, he had distributed his wealth. 2- Before -------noun ------- subject + had + P.P. Ex: Before his death, he distributed his wealth. ________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________ While / When 1- While -------- S + was + inf. + ing --------- S + past s. As were · يأتى بعدهما ماضى مستمر والجملة الثانية ماضى بسيط إذا كانت تعبر عن حدث كان مستمراً والآخر قطعة .Ex: While she was working in the kitchen, she heard a cry. 2- While -------- S + was / were + inf. + ing ----------- As S+ was / were + inf. + ing. · يأتى بعدهما ماضى مستمر - والثانى ماضىمستمر إذا كان الحدثان إستمرا معا Ex: While he was watching the T.V. his wife was working in the kitcken. 3- While -------noun --------- s + past simple During past continuous. · إذا كانت بدون فاعل يأتى بعدها عبارة .Ex: While his illness, his sons ran the factory. ________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________ 1- When + s + present s ------- s + future s. + s + present perfect --------s + future s. + s + past continuous --------- s + past simple + s + past simple ----------s + past continuous . Ex: When he succeeds, I shall, congratulate him. When he has succeeded, I shall congratulate him. When he was ill, I was so busy. When he arrived , I was working in the garden. ________________________ Mr . M . Tartor ________________________ 1-S + have / has+ P.P. (since)+ s. past simple Ex: I haven’t seen him since his bad behaviour. Conjunctions of Purpose الروابـط الغرضية to in order to --------- infinitive so as to · تستخدم to , to , so as to , in order لربط جملتين الجملةالثانيةغرضيةوتوضع بين الجملتين وتحذف الفاعلوفعل .want to اذاوجدفى الجملة Ex : He participated in the match. He wanted to break the world record. He Participated in the match in order to break the world record. ___________________ Mr . M . Tartor _____________________ So that --------- subject + may + inf. in order that might · تضع فعلmay إذا كان الفعل مضارع وmight إذاكان الفعل فىزمن الماضى بدلا من فعل want toالذى يحذف من الجملة Ex: He participated in the match. He wanted to break the world record. He participated in the match so that he might break the world record. Conjunctions of Manner الروابـط التشبيهية( الظرفية ) ___________________ Mr . M . Tartor _____________________ Subject + present simple (as if ) S + past s. Subject + past simple (as if) S + had + P.P. · تستخدم as if كأداة ربط تشبيه بالإستحالة إذا جاء الفعل قبلها مضارع بسيط يوضع الفعل بعدها ماضى بسيط وإذا كان الفعل قبلها ماضى بسيط يأتى بعدها ماضى تام مثلEx: She walks as if she were a queen . 1. Subject + verb (like) noun Ex: she walks like a queen. 2. Subject + verb (as) subject + verb.Ex: He did everything as I advised him. 3 Subject + verb (according to) noun Ex: He did everything according to my advice. ___________________ Mr . M . Tartor _____________________ 1. Subject + verb (lest) subject + should + inf. · ويأتى بعدها الفعل ( should + infinitive) Ex: He works hard lest he should fail. 1. Subject + verb(for fear of ) S + may + inf. might · تستخدم may إذا كان الفعل الأول مضارع و might إذا كان الفعل الثانى ماضى Ex: He works hard for fear that he may fall. 1. Subject + verb (for fear of) noun. Ex: He works hard for fear of failure. _______________Mr . M .Tartor_______________ مع كل تحياتى محمد طرطور – بلبيس الثانوية بنين |
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#2
30-07-2009, 02:03 PM
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thaaaaaaaaanks alot
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