So, too, neither, either

[MUMMU_47]

So, too, neither, either

اولا: so
1- تستخدم بمعني لذلك ( لبيان النتيجة)

I'm extremely tired, so I'll take a rest.

He made a lot of mistakes, so he must study the matter again.

ولاحظ انك لو عكست الجملة يجب ان تستخدم :

because

I'll take a rest because I'm extremely tired.

He must study the matter again because He made a lot of mistakes.

2- تستخدم بمعني (جدا)
وفي هذة الحالة تساوي very

I like Egyptian food so much.

3- تستخدم لعدم تكرار الكلام الكثير

A: I think he's the cleverest student in the class.

B: I think so Or I don't think so

4- so + adj. + that

تعني جدا لدرجة أن –

He is so intelligent that he never loses chess competitions.

He is so strong that he can pull a carriage.

5- so + helping verb + pronoun or noun
هذه الصيغة تعني : also وكذلك (فلان)

He is a teacher, so am I.

He works in a big school, so do I

He works hard, so does his sister.

He has a car, so has his father. (So have I)

He can swim so can I.

He will travel so will I.

لاحظ ان الفعل المساعد يجب ان يكون مطابقا لمعني الجملة
فاذا كان سياق الكلام (verb to be/have/do) يجب ان يكون متفقا مع الفاعل الجديد وليس الفاعل اول الجملة والأمر اكثر سهولة مع الأفعال الناقصة لأنها لا تتغير مع المفرد والجمع.
6- so on تعني وهكذا – الي آخرة

Pans, pots, dishes, plates and so on.

7- so = true

Is that really so?

ثانيا too:
لها معنيان
1- ايضا ... وموقعها آخر الجملة

I like strawberries and she does (likes strawberries) too.

2- جدا جدا ( اكثر من اللازم ) ونفهم من الجملة النفي

Note:

The tea is very hot. (but I can drink it).

The tea is too hot. (so I can't drink it).

The stone is too heavy to carry (it).

ثالثا : either
لها معنيان
1- ايضا ... وموقعها آخرالجملة ، وبشرط ان تكون الجملة في النفي

I don't like strawberries and she doesn't either.

I can't speak Greek and he can't either.

2- either ….. or…….

تستخدم في التخيير او الأحتمال (اما .... او.... ) وتشير الي :

الفاعل

Either Mohamed or Ali washed the van.

والفعل

Mohamed either washed the van or repaired it.

والمفعول

Mohamed teaches either English or French.

والمكان

He went either to the club or the library.

والزمن

He will travel either on Monday or Tuesday.

رابعا : neither……. nor ……

تستخدم في النفي ( لا........ ولا ...........)

Neither Mohamed nor Ali washed the van.

Mohamed neither washed the van nor repaired it.

Mohamed teaches neither English nor French.

He went neither to the club nor the library.

He will travel neither on Monday nor Tuesday.

مع ملاحظة هامة:
ان الفعل يتبع الفاعل الثاني في التصريف

Neither the father nor his children understand the matter.

Neither the children nor the father understands

the matter.

Neither the father nor his children have the ability to understand the matter.

Neither the children nor the father has the ability to understand the matter.

اتمنى ان تعم الفائدة للجميع
مع تحياتي