الوحدة التاسعة شكل جدييييد

[indomitable]

UNIT 9

Food

الطعام

Physicist *

عالم فيزياء

Feed- fed – fed *

يطعم – يغذى

Physics

الفيزياء

Eat – ate- eaten

ياكل

Philosophy

الفلسفة

Microscope *

ميكروسكوب

Philosopher

فيلسوف

Telescope *

تليسكوب

Moistened*

رطب

Tripod *

الحامل الثلاثى

Moisture *

الرطوبة

Bunsen burner*

موقد بنزن

Equal

متساوى – يساوى

Stethoscope *

سماعة الطبيب

Equality

المساواة

Test tube *

انوبة اختبار

Equation

معادلة

Spade

جاروف

Survive *

يبقى على قيد الحياه – ينجو

Extract *

يستخلص – ينتزع

Survival *

النجاه

Investigate *

يحقق فى

Survivors*

الناجون

Investigation

التحقيق

Logic *

المنطق

Investigator

المحقق

Logical *

منطقى

Far objects

اجسام بعيدة

illogical *

غير منطقى

Apart from**

فضلا عن – ماعدا

Legal *

شرعى – قانونى

Nourish *

يغذى

illegal *

غير شرعى

Nourishment**

التغذية

Visible

مرئى

Nutrients **

المواد الغذائية

Invisible

غير مرئى

Nutrient solution **

محلول غذائى

Vision

الرؤية

Frying pan

مقلاه

Audible

مسموع

Specialize in *

يتخصص فى

Audio-visual

مسموع ومرئي

Specialist

متخصص

Release = set free

يحرر – يطلق سراح

Special

خاص

illustrate

يفسر

Laboratory (lab)

معمل

illustration

تفسير

Hydroponics ****

الزراعة فى الرمال او المياه

Dramatically*

بطريقة مؤثرة

Hanging gardens ****

الحدائق المعلقة

Available

متاح

Floating gardens ****

الحدائق الطافية

Unavailable

غير متاح

Anchor *

يرسو – يثبت باحكام

Valuable

قيّم

Absolutely

بالتاكيد

Value

قيمة

Breathe in*

يشهق – يتنفس

Sounds

يبدو

Breathe

يتنفس

Demonstrate *

يعبر عن

Breath

النفس

Demonstration

التعبير

Breathing

التنفس

Submarine

غواصة

Breathe out*

يزفر الهواء

National income

الدخل القومى

Fortunately

لحسن الحظ

Leaves

اوراق الشجر

Unfortunately

لسوء الحظ

Chlorophyll **

الكلوروفيل

Fortune

الثروة

Temperature *

درجة الحرارة

Function ***

وظيفة عضو او الة

Measure *

يقيس

Balance *

اتزان

Instrument *

جهاز

Balanced *

متزن

Tools

ادوات

Experiment

تجربة

Medicine

الطب - دواء

Experience

خبرة

Medical

طبي

Experienced

ذو خبرة

A medical conference

مؤتمر طبى

Expert

خبير

Substance

مادة

Chemical

كميائي

Enable

يمكّن

Soil *

التربة

Reason for/why****

سبب لـ

Sand

الرمال

Cause of *****

سبب لـ

Result from **

ينتج من

Take steps *

يتخذ خطوات

Result in ***

ينتج عنه

Take the pain away **

يزيل الالم

Surround

يحيط بـ

Incredible rate **

معدل لا يصدق

Compare with

يقارن بـ

(be) widely used **

يستخدم على نطاق واسع

Comparison

مقارنة

Participate in = take part in

يشارك فى

Obtain

يكتسب

Photosynthesis **

البناء الضوئى

Carbon dioxide

ثانى اكسيد الكربون

Hectare

الهيكتر (وحدة قياس)

Forest clearance***

ازالة الغابات

Major supplier **

مصدر رئيسي

Estimate

يقدّر – يقيّم

Soak up*

يمتص

Poisonous= toxic *

سام

Memorize

يتذكر

Costumes *

ملابس قديمةتقليدية

Memory

الذاكرة

Customs*

العادات

Do research on*

يقم ببحث فى

Customs and traditions

العادات والتقاليد

Laboratory equipment

معدات المعمل

Admire

يعجب بـ

Develop theories*

يطور النظريات

A brain surgeon

جراح مخ

Mixture

خليط

Genetically modified *

معدل ورائيا

Perform a drama*

يمثل مسرحية

Marble

الرخام

Chewing gum

اللبان

Ethical

خلقى – اخلاقى

Fragile

هش – سهل الكسر

Controversial

مثير للجدل

Irrevocable damage

ضرر لا يمكن إصلاحه

Geneticists

علم الجينات

Petition

التماس

Food shortage*

المجاعة – نقص الطعام

Weeds

اعشاب ضارة

Disgust

اشمئزاز

Species

فصيلة - فصائل

Prepositions

make money fromيكسب مال من
put up an umbrella يرفع الشمسية
dissolve in يذوب في
life on earth الحياة على الارض
have a quarrel withيتشاجر مع
make space for (buildings) يهيأ مكان لـ
be available for متاح لـ
at an incredible rate بمعدل لا يصدق
pull out plantsيقتلع نباتات
be interested in مهتم بـ
lead toيؤدي إلى
shut the gate to the fieldيغلق بوابة الحقل
listen toيستمع إلى
increase in size يزداد في الحجم
answer toإجابة لـ
dry soil on a fire يجفف التربة علي النار
meet up يتقابل (باتفاق)
be surrounded by محاط بـ
dream ofيحلم بـ
combine with يمتزج أو يختلط بـ
home to موطن/مأوي لـ
important toهــام لـ
release into the airيطلق في الهواء
soak up يمتص
poisonous to سام لـ
breathe in يستنشق
take in يفهم / يمتص / يخدع
breathe outيخرج شهيق
give out = release يطلق
set up experiments يجري تجارب
tamper with يعبث بـ
ban something from use يحظر استخدام شيء
on a vast scale علي نطاق واسع
be beneficial to مفيد لـ
dependent on معتمد علي
research intoيقوم بأبحاث في
be concerned about قلق بشأن
welcome to (a place) يرحب
test ideas by experiment

يختبر أفكار عن طريق التجربة

to his amazement / astonishment لدهشتــه
on the opposite side of علي الجانب
المقابل من
Take for granted يأخذ كشيء مسلم به
grow on soil
experiment on / with يجري تجربة علي

Expressions , Phrases and idioms

Lead the world

يقود العالم

Practise the medicine

يمارس الطب

Result from

ينتج من

Result in

ينتج عنه

Hanging gardens

الحدائق المعلقة

Floating gardens

الحدائق الطافية

Logical explanation

شرح منطقى

Take the pain away

يزيل الالم

Incredible rate
معدل لا يصدق
(be) widely used

يستعمل على نطاق واسع

Gain a lot of weight

يزداد وزنا

Apart from

ماعدا – فضلا عن

I don’t know by any means

انا لا اعرف على الاطلاق

Take in nutrients

يمتص المواد الغذائية

Take steps

يتخذ خطوات

Take a test

يمتحن

Do researches on

يقوم بابحاث فى

Absolutely necessary

ضرورى للغاية

The function of ------- is to -----

وظيفة --- هى ان ----

It has been demonstrated that

انه من الواضح ان

Make sure

يتأكد

Know facts about

يعرف حقائق عن

So/setup/conduct/perform an experiment

يجرى تجربة

Oxygen making factories

مصانع تكوين الاكسجين

upset the balance of nature

يخل بتوازن البيئة

Definitions

1- photosynthesis البناء الضوئى
- The way the green plants make their food using sunlight.
2- Thermometer الترمومتر
- An instrument for measuring temperature.
3- Microscope الميكروسكوب
- An instrument that makes extremely small things look larger.
4- Stethoscope سماعة الطبيب
- A medical instrument that is used by a doctor to hear the sound of the heartbeats.
5- Chlorophyll الكلوروفيل
- A green substance in the plant which enables them to make their food , It changes energy from the sun into chemical energy.
6- Hydroponics الزراعة فى الماء او الرمال
- The science of growing plants without soil ( in sand or water)
7- Hanging gardens الحدائق المعلقة
- Gardens set up on tops of mountains.

1§ reason for + n./ing سبب·He didn't give any reason for his absence.
§ reason why + جملة ·The reason why he was absent was not known.
§cause ofسبب+ n / ing ·No one knows the cause of the accident.

2- The function of ---- is to ----
1- The heart pumps blood around the body (The function)
* The function of the heart is to pump blood around the body.
bunsen burner موقد بنزن
The function of a Bunsen burner is to supply heat.
funnel قمع
The function of a funnel is to help to pour liquids.
Microscopeالميكروسكوب
The function of a microscope is to look at very small things.
test tube أنبوب اختبار
The function of a test tube is to hold chemicals during experiments
tripod حامل ثلاثي
The function of a tripod is to support equipment during experiments
thermometerترمومتر
The function of a thermometer is to measure temperature.

- So /Neither

بعدهما الفعل المساعد والفاعل- لاحظ ان so مع الاثبات أما neither مع النفى

-He speaks English well .so do I
-Samy is clever .so are his friends
-They answered the test. so did he
-Adel isn’t clever .neither are his friends.
-They didn’t win the match. neither did I

Grammar

The past simple and the past perfect

الماضى البسيط :- التصريف الثانى للفعل – ويعبر عن حدث قد وقع فى الماضى وانتهى
- نفى الماضى البسيط:- التصريف الاول didn’t +

Ex :- He went (He didn’t go) / He slept (He didn’t sleep) ------

2- الماضى التام :- Had + pp
§يستخدم الماضى التام مع الكلمات الدالة علي المضارع التام إذا كان في الجملة ماضى بسيط
for / ever / never / already / yet / just



(استخدم المضارع التام هنا لعدم وجود مايدلعليالماضي) §

§ When the firemen arrived, we had already put out the fire.
§ When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my house and had
stolen my jewelry.
§She didn't go to the cinema because she had already seen the film
§I hadn't flown before, so I was nervous about getting on the plane.

عند وقوع حدثين كلاهما فى الماضى فان الحدث الأقدم يكون ماضى تام و الذى يليه يكون ماضى بسيط ( اى أن الماضى التام قد سبق الماضى البسيط فى الوقوع )
للتعبير عما سبق نستخدم هذه الأدوات

Afterبعد – as soon as بمجرد ان – whenعندما -becauseلان - / Before قبل -
By the time قبيل /- until = till حتى
1- ماضى بسيط

ماضى تام

After
As soon as
When
Because

و اذا جاءت الأدوات فى منتصف الجملة ياتى بعدهم ايضا الماضى التام أما الماضى البسيط فيأتي فى الجملة الاولى

ماضى تام

ماضى بسيط

Before
By the time

و اذا جاءت الادوات فى منتصف الجملة ياتى بعدهم ايضا الماضى البسيط اما الماضى التام فيأتى فى الجملة الاولى

ماضى تام

until

till

ماضى بسيط منفى








1- First , he finished his work, then he went home (After/Before/until)

1- نحذف First ونحول الزمن بعدها الى ماضى تام
2- نحذف Then ويبقى ما بعدها ( ماضى بسيط ) ثم نطبق القاعدة المطلوبة .

- After he had finishedhis work, he went home.
- Before he went home, he had finished his work.
-He didn’t go home until he had finished his work.

- يمكن استخدام Having + pp بدلا من After

Ex:- After he had written the letter , he sent it (Having)
Having written the letter, he sent it.

لاحظ عند عدم ودجود الفاعل بعد After / Before نستخدم v+ ing

Choose :-
1- After he -------- his friend, he went out
a)- had phoned b)- phoning
2-After ----------- his friend, he went out.
a)- had phoned b)- phoning
Re-write :-
1- After he had painted the wall, he went home (painting)
- After painting the wall, he went home.

لاحظ ان until لها قاعدة اخرى :-

It wasn’t until + ماضى تام + that + ماضى بسيط

-The workers painted the walls then we moved to the house (until / It wasn’t )
We didn’t move to the house until the workers had painted the walls
It wasn’t until the workers had painted the walls that we moved to the house.

لاحظ ان When لها قاعدة اخرى :-

It was only when + ماضى تام + that ماضى بسيط +

Ex :- First he wrote the letter , then he sent it ( when / It was )
When he had written the letter, he sent it
It was only when he had written the letter that he sent it.

لاحظ :

- No sooner ------------ than ---------------
= Hardly --------------- when ---------------
= Scarcely---------------when ---------------

لم يكد ------------ حتى ------------- (القاعدة للكلJ

No sooner + had +فاعل + pp ---- than + جملة ماضى بسيط

Or ) No sooner + did + فاعل + تصريف اول ---- than + جملة ماض بسيط

Ex 1:- He went out , It started to rain ( No sooner)
- No sooner had he gone out than it started to rain
- No sooner did he go out than it started to rain.
فاعل + had+ no sooner+ pp ------ than +ماضى بسيط
§ She left the house. She was run over by a car. (no sooner)
She had no sooner left the house than she was run over by a car.
§ He entered the office. His boss shouted at him. (hardly)
He had hardly entered the office when his boss shouted at him.

By

By the time he was 3 years old, he had lost his sight.
By past perfect
By + past simple past perfect
First the house collapsed. Then he got home. (By the time…)
ª By the time he got home, the house had collapsed.
ª By 10 o’clock yesterday, I had read three detective stories.

I wish / If only

- المعنى : كنت اتمنى / يحول معهما الزمن الى الماضى الابعد
· اذا كان الفعل مضارع بسيط يحول الى ماضى بسيط (المثبت منفى والعكس)

Ex:
1- He doesn’t have a flat
= I wish / If only he had a flat.
2-The weather is cold today.
= I wish / If only the weather weren't cold today
3-I am not good at maths
=I wish / If only I were good at maths

· اذا كان الفعل ماضى بسيط يحول الى ماضى تام ( المثبت منفى والعكس)

1- I didn’t meet him yesterday
= I wish/ If only I had met him yesterday
2- He came late last week
= I wish / If only he hadn’t come late last week (or) I wish / If only he had come early last week.

· فى المستقبل نستخدم could مع I / we و نستخدم would مع باقى الضمائر
(لاحظ: فى المستقبل يبقى المثبت مثبتا والمنفى منفيا )

1- I am looking forward to traveling to the moon
= I wish / If only I could ravel to the moon
2-I want to be a doctor
= I wish / if only I could be a doctor.
3- He hopes to be a pilot
= I wish/ if only he would be a pilot.

لاحظ:

If only / I wish + (فاعل) + could + inf ------- would + inf
- If only / I wish I could play football, I would join Al Ahly team.

يمكن ان تحل if only / I wish محل iF فى القاعدة الثانية والثالثة

- If only I had free time , I wouldgo on holiday.
- If only he had arrived early, he would have met the man in charge.

1- Stages of Certainity مراحل التأكد

1- عندما يكون الشخص متأكد : Sure / Certain
أ)- فى المضارع يستخدم:-

Must be لابد انه ( اثبات ) Can't be لا يمكن ان يكون (نفى)

ب)- فى الماضى يستخدم :-

Must have + pp اثبات Can't have + pp نفى

لاحظ ان الجملة يكون بها دليل يؤدى الى الاستنتاج Deduction
ومن الادلة الصريحة :-

I'm sure- I'm certain – certainly – definitely – sure – for sure – absolutely – It is most likely – There is no doubt that------
Ex1 :-I'm sure that he is out. (must)
- He must be out.
Ex2:- I'm sure that he was out. (must)
- He must have been out.

لاحظ ان الجملة الاولى مضارع والثانية ماضى
التصريف الثالث من am / Is / are / was / were هو been

Ex3 :- I'm sure that he isn’t home ( can't )
- He can't be home.
Ex4:- I'm sure that he wasn’t home (can't)
He can't have been home.

قد تحتوى الجملة على بعض الادلة الاخرى : انظر الامثلة الاتية :-

-There is no cheese in the fridge, I think that Adel ate it. (must)
-There is no cheese in the fridge, Ali must have eaten it.

فى المثال السابق كانت الجملة الاولى هى الدليل – والجملة الثانية هى الاستنتاج
لاحظ ان زمن الجملة الثانية ماضى فيتم استخدام must have+pp

Choose :-
1- I phone him but no one answered, he --------- out.
a)- must be b)- must have been c)- can't be d)- can't have been
2- I phoned him ,but no answered, he -----------home.
a)- must be b)- must have been c)- can't be d)- can't have been
3- She is a good teacher, she ---------- a clever student.
a)- must be b)- must have been c)- can't be d)- can't have been

2- عندما يكون الشخص غير متأكد not sure /uncertain
وذلك لعدم وجود الادلة يستخدم:-
1- فى المضارع :-

- may be/ can be / could be /might be

ب)- فى الماضى :-

- may have + pp / can have +pp /could have + pp / might have+pp

ونستخدم ذلك عند وجود :
I'm not sure- uncertain – I doubt اشك – I suspect اشك – It is possible – perhaps – probably

Ex1:- I'm not sure that Ali is home (may)
- Ali may be home.

Ex2:- I'm not sure that Ali was home ( may)
- Ali may have been home.

Rewrite the following sentences:
1- I’m sure he didn’t forge his brother's signature on the cheque. (can’t)
2- Perhaps she was dishonest. (might)
3- It’s quite possible that he committed the crime. (may)
4- It’s possible that they didn’t know about the accident. (might)
5- It is not possible that he caught the bus. (couldn't)
6- It is impossible that he didn't hear the warning. (must)
7- I am sure he is at home. (must)
8- Perhaps they will travel to Koala Lumpur. (may)
9- It’s possible that they are at school. (might)

Re-write the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning :-
1- First, he did his home work , then he visited his uncle
-After he had done his home work, he visited his uncle.
-After doing his home work, he visited his uncle.
-Before he visited his uncle , he had done his homework
- Before visiting his uncle, he had done his homework.
-He didn’t visit his uncle until he had done his homework
-It wasn’t until he had done his homework that he visited his uncle
-It was only when he had done his homework that he visited his uncle
-Having done his homework, he visited his uncle

2-He finished his work, the light went out (No sooner)
- No sooner had he finished his work than the light went out
4- I didn’t turn off the radio until I had listened to the news report (After)
- After I had listened to the news report, I turned off the radio.
5- He felt tired from playing too much (because / After )
- He felt tired because he had played too much.
- He felt tired after he had played too much.

Test

1-Ahmed and his friend Magdy who are talking about spending a day outdoors :

Ahmed : What about spending a fun day outdoors next Friday ?
Magdy : ………….(1)……………., shall we go to the club ?
Ahmed : No, we always go there.
Magdy : Well, what do you suggest ?
Ahmed : ………….(2)……………the Media Production city.
Magdy : Good, that's a wonderful suggestion. Have you ever
been there ?
Ahmed : Yes, it is a lot of fun.
Magdy : ……………(3)……………. ?
Ahmed : Of course, there is a dolphin show, entertainment
stages, restaurants and plenty of rides .
Magdy : Ok, I hope……………..(4)…………….. .

2- Supply the mini-dialogues)
a) A girl asks her mother about the weather today.
Girl : ………………………(1)………………………. ?
Mother : Cloudy and rainy. You have to wear something
heavy.
b) Maha invites Laila to go with her to the club on Friday. Laila could not accept the invitation.
Maha : Would you like to come with me to the club on Friday ?
Laila : ………………………..(2)…………………………. .
c) My father suggests watching the news on television and my mother agrees.
Father : …………………………(3)……………………………….. ?
Mother : ………………………….(4)………………………………. .
3-Choose :
1. The doctor used a .......... to hear the sound of the patient's heart.
a) thermometer b) microscope c) stethoscope d) spade
2. The scientist used a .......... to examine the insect's body.
a) thermometer b)microscope c) stethoscope d) spade
3. The doctor used a .......... to measure the patient's temperature.
a) thermometer b) microscope c) stethoscope d) spade
4. The gardener used a .......... to dig the earth.
a) thermometer b) microscope c) stethoscope d) spade
5. There are some stars that are .......... and can only be seen by
powerful telescopes.
a) visible b) invisible c) clear d) obvious
6. Trees get their .......... from the soil and the sun.
a) stems b) leaves c) branches d) nourishment
7.1 hate sitting in cafes breathing ......... the cigarette smoke around me.
a) out b) up c) in d) off
8. In forests the struggle for .......... is for the fittest.
a) survival b) damage c) destruction d) injury
9. Man has upset the environmental.......... with his own deeds.
a) equality b) balance c) climate d) equation
10. His lecture was .......... with pictures he had taken during the expedition.
a) translated b) hidden c) dimmed d) illustrated
11........... going to Italy and Spain, he will also visit Britain.
a) Except for b) Apart from c) Despite d) Notwithstanding
12. When I made the chemical experiment, I used several test...........
a) pipes b) funnels c) tubes d) burners
13. This lawyer is very famous and he .......... in divorce cases.
a) learns b) specializes c) makes d) inquires
14. He is a well-known .......... ; he is specialized in light.
a) chemist b) physicist c) biologist d) zoologist
15. A group of experts are .......... the cause of the plane crash.
a) investigating b) overlooking c) neglecting d) catching
16. The yellow line on the map .......... the minor roads.
a) reports b) represents c) relates d) retains
17. It is the ......... of a doctor to treat those who are sick.
a) job b) function c) purpose d) action
18.......... is the green substance in plants that enables them to get food.
a) Chlorophyll b) Photosynthesis c) Hydroponics d) Pasteurization
19........... is the way that green plants make their food using sunlight.
a) Chlorophyll b) Photosynthesis c) Hydroponics d) Pasteurization
20. .......... is the science of growing plants without soil.
a) Chlorophyll b) Photosynthesis c) Hydroponics d) Pasteurization
21. She goes on a diet because she has .......... a lot of weight.
a) got b) made l ) obtained d) gained
22. He could not find .......... the reason why he did not go to hospital
a) on b) up c) out d) over
23. To his ........... he won the lottery. It was a great surprise.
a) expectation b) certainty c) amazement d) confidence
24. The ceremony took .......... in the great park.
a) part b) place c) apart d) steps
25. The prices are increasing at.......... rate. They have doubled.
a) a credible b) a normal c) an ordinary d) an incredible
26. Sponge takes .......... water.
a) up b) on c) in d) over
27. The scientist makes his .......... in his laboratory.
a) experiments b) experiences c) explanation d) exploration
28. Plants take ............ carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.
a) up b) in c) out d) on
29. In order to use seawater in watering plants, salt is ...........
a) moved b) removed c) produced d) used
30. The government took .......... to reduce the number of crimes.
a) part b) apart c) steps d) place
31. Egypt was formerly an English .......... .
a) colonist b) colony c) colonial d) colonize
32. Egypt does its best to increase production in order to increase our national.......... .
a) wages b) salaries c) money d) income
33. Could you tell me the ..... to the post-office?
a) root b) rot c) route d) rate
34.1 have .... with the dentist on Monday. I'll have a tooth pulled,
a) an appointment b) a lecture c) a conference d) a meeting
35. Scientists fear that more forest...... will lead to the destruction of thousands of plants and animals
a) clearances b) cleansing c) clearness d) cleanliness
36. The leaves of a tree are ...... factory.
a) oxygen b) oxygen making c) oxygen-made d) oxygen-maker
37. During the photosynthesis ....... oxygen and sugar are produced.
a) process b) operation c) action d) interaction
38. In hydroponics nutrients are …... in water .
a) distrusted b) dissolved c) disgusted d) distressed
39. Photosynthesis means ...... .
a) making with water b) making with light
c) forming the leaves d) growing the plants
40. Trees are major .. .of oxygen through photosynthesis .
a) doers b) suppliers c) manufactures d) absorbent
41. Each animal has its habitat; "habitat means" its natural..... .
a) kind b) field c) custom d) environment
42. Scientists are always looking for solutions ........ the world's problems.
a) to b) from c) for d) of
44. 1 wish they ......... come tomorrow .
a) should b) would c) were d) had been
45. 1 wish he ... in London yesterday
a) were b) is c) has been d) had been
46. If only I ... near you
a) live b) am living c) have lived d) lived
47. 1 wish I .... in your place .
a) am b) were c) have been d) will be
48. She went to the cinema and ...... .
a) so did I b) so I did c) neither did I d) neither I did
49. 1 shall study ...... history or English.
a) both b) either c) as well as d) neither
50.1 want to stay in Alexandria for ....... two weeks .
a) others b) other c) another d) else
(4) Re-write the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:
1. He made a speech and then we left the place. (until)
2. After playing football for two hours, he went home. (had)
3.1 hadn't eaten Chinese food before. (first)
4. That was the only play he had watched. (never)
5,1 am sure he is at home. (must)
6.1 am sure he was at home. (must)
7,1 am sure he is not at home. (be)
8,1 am sure he was not at home. (been)
9. Immediately on lying in bed, he slept. (As soon as)
10. As soon as he had finished his meal, he felt sick. (No sooner)
11. The teacher finished the lesson then the bell rang. (By the time)
12. The teacher allowed him to go after he had finished answering his exercise.(until)
13. He arrived at school after the bell had rung. (when)
14. He revised his lesson and sat for the exam (before)
15. The criminal escaped then the police arrived. (By the time)
5-Translate:

- يقدم العلماء الجديد كل يوم لخدمة البشرية .

[مستر محمد الشاذلي]

بارك الله فيك اخي الفاضل

[مستر/ عصام الجاويش]

مشكور يامستر بس انت نسيت قاعده هامه جدا فى الوحده دى وهى I wish/ If only

[alaaelmassry]

مجهود مشكور حقاً

[alaaelmassry]

تعليم مفتوح- فن الترجمة