ماذا تعنى كلمة by

[mr.mahmood_rabee]

By

تستخدم كلمة by كحرف جر بمعنى
-بالقرب من/بجوار

- I'll meet my friend by the bank.

- باستخدام - I'll send it by e-mail

- he travels by train /plane/bus/car.

- عن طريق

-she earns money by babysitting.

-قبل

You must come back by 5 pm.

دون قصد

- by chance / by accident - he met his old friend by chance

- by mistake - he locked the door by mistake

طبقا ل

By law, you must fasten your seat belt while driving.

امام-بجوار

-Ali walks by me on his way home.

طريقة للمقياس

-I bought the material by the metre.

- he was paid by the hour.

-فى الليل/فى النهار

- by day /by night.

- some animals sleep by day and hunt by night.

By+ reflexive pronoun = alone

-They left the child by himself.

By as adverb = past

Two lorries went by . two hours went by before we heard any news.

By and large =/ عموما بوجه عام
By and large, I think you are right