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Ways of saying "and".......... روابط تستخدم للإضافة
Besides – in addition to – as well as






e.g. I watched TV and I logged onto the internet .Besideswatching TV, I logged onto the internet.
e.g. I logged onto the internetinadditiontowatchingTV.
e.g. As well aswatching TV, I logged onto the internet.

as well as

عند إستخدام لربط فاعلين
فإن الفعل يتبع الفاعل الأول
e.g. He, as well ashisfriends, likesfootball.

not only …….. but also / as well

e.g. They, aswellastheirson, areoutside .

InotonlywatchedTV, but I alsologgedontotheinternet.

InotonlywatchedTV, but I logged onto the internetaswell.

Not only

عند بدء الجملة بـــــ لا بد أن
يتبعها صيغة السؤال
e.g. Notonlydid I watchT.V., but I also logged onto the internet.

Not only

عند إستخدام لربط فاعلين
فإن الفعل يتبع أقرب فاعل له
e.g. NotonlyAhmedbut alsohisbrothersdokarate.












Study the following conjunctions

A

Both........... and .........................و...........كلا من
e.g. My brother is younger than me . My sister is younger than me.
1. Both my brother and my sister are younger than me.
2. Bothof them are younger than me.

Both

دائما يكون الفعل مع جمع


B

Neither............. nor.........و لا ذاك.................لا هذا
e.g. My brothers aren't tall. My father isn't tall.
1.Neither my brothers nor my father is tall.
2.Neither my father nor my brothers are tall.

Nether of them

الفعل يتبع أقرب فاعل له
دائما يكون الفعل مع مفرد

Nether … nor

Neither of themistall.
نستخدمأيضا لربط جملتين فاعلهم واحد ولكن الفعل مختلف
He doesn’t smoke. He doesn’t play cards.
He neither smokes nor plays cards.

Neither

عند بدء الجملة بــــلا بد أن
يتبعها صيغة السؤال
e.g. Neitherdoeshesmokenorplaycards.

C




either........................ or...............أو........إما

e.g. Mybrothers help me. Myfather helps me .
1. Either my brothers or my father helps me .
2. Either my father or my brothers help me .
لاحظوجود فاعلين بالجملة, ولكن الفعل يتبع أقرب فاعل له

Either of them

دائما يكون الفعل مع مفرد
e.g. Eitherofthem helps me.


Ways of saying "because".... روابط تستخدم لبيان السبب
because / since / as جملة (فاعل + فعل)

B

A

e.g. 1. He succeeded because he studied hard .
2. They came late as there was a traffic jam .
3. She will marry him since he is honest.

becauseof/ due to / owing to / for
on account of / thanks to / through
EX
AM p
L
ES

++(verb+ ing)
1. They didn't go out because of the bad weather.
2. She cancelled her journey due to the exam .
3. Owing to the fog, he had an accident.
4. It was for his cleverness that he won the prize.
5. Some students are absent on account of the heavy rain.
6. I succeeded thanks to your help .
7. You can reach your goals only through working hard / hard work .