الوحدة التاسعة 2ث

[عاطف خليفة]

Unit

09 : Business around the world

Vocabulary
· Commerce تجارة
· employيوظف· Employee موظف · Employmentتوظيف· unemployment بطالة
· gap فجوة
· expressيعبر· expression تعبير
· manager مدير
· Sale بيع
· Produceينتج· Production انتاج · Colleagueزميل· Growthالنمو· break-up تدهور
· declineيتدهور - ينهار
· Association جمعية- اتحاد
· spices توابل
· includeيشمل - يضم
· containيحتوى· consist of يتكون من
· caravanقافلة· luxury goodsبضائع كمالية
· carry out ينفذ
· millennium ألفية
· materialsمواد· the pressالصحافة
· mass media وسائل الاعلام
· training centreمركز تدريب
· trade routeطريق تجارى
· colonyمستعمرة· frontiersحدود· set upينشأ - يقيم
· localمحلى· Transportالنقل - المواصلات
· Economyالأقتصاد· economicsعلم الاقتصاد
· volumeحجم· expand يتوسع
· expansion توسع
· exportيصدر - تصدير
· importيستورد - استيراد
· foreign tradeتجارة اجنبية
· result in يتسبب فى
Grammar :

ضمائر الوصل

Relative Pronouns

1. - تحل محل الأشخاص

- Who / that

· Ex.: The boy plays tennis. He is clever.-
· The boy who / that plays tennis is clever.-
· The boy who / that is clever plays tennis.-
· Ex : This man is the train driver. I was talking with him.
· This man, who / that I was talking with, is the train driver.-

2. - Which / that

- تحل محل الأشياء

· Ex : this is a fast plane. I came to Cairo by it.
· This is a fast plane by which / that I came to Cairo.

3. Whose

- تستعمل لكى تدل على الملكية

· Ex.: Samia studies English . Her mother is a teacher of Math.
· Samia whose mother is a teacher of math studies English.

4. Where (which / that)

- تستعمل لكى تدل على المكان

· Ex: This is the school. I learnt English in it.
· -This is the school where I learnt English.

لاحظ حذف حرف الجر

· This is the school in which / that I learnt English.
· This is the school which / that I learnt English in.

5. When

- تستعمل لكى تدل على الزمان

· Ex.: I played baseball, I was in America at that time.
· -I played baseball when I was in America.

ملحوظة
- لابد من استعمال ضمير وصل عندما يحل محل الفاعل

6. which / who / that

· Ex.: The boy who got the highest marks is my neighbor.
· Ex.: She put the books which / that were here on the shelf.

-

لا نحتاج لاستعمال ضمير وصل عندما يحل المفعول

· Ex.: The boy (who / that) I met yesterday is careless.
· Ex.: The jacket (which / that) Samia bought is expensive.

7. بعد كلمة

all نستخدم كلمة that

· Ex.: This all that I can do for you.