أعمال قديمة جمعها في هذا الرابط مستر محمد ديوشي عطا

[هتلر2006]

Past Perfect Continuous

يتكون زمن الماضي التام المستمر من [HAD BEEN] + [VERB+ing]


EXAMPLES




I had been waiting there for two hours before she finally arrived

She had only been studying English for two years before she
got the job



استخداماته



USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Past


يستخدم زمن الماضي التام المستمر لوصف فتره زمنيه بدأت في الماضي واستمرت حتى وقت آخر في الماضي.



We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. "For five minutes" and "for two weeks" are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous; however, the duration does not continue until now


EXAMPLES




They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived

She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business

James had been teaching at the University for more than a year before he left for Asia

USE 2 Cause of Something in the Past



استعمال الماضي التام المستمر قبل عمل آخرفي الماضي هو طريقة جيدة لاظهار السبب والنتيجة
Using the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect



EXAMPLES



Jason was tired because he had been jogging

Sam gained weight because he had been overeating

ملحوظه مهمه
اذا لم تشتمل الجمله علي فتره زمنيه "for five minutes," او"for two weeks" او"since Friday" الكثير من متحدثي الانجليزيه يستخدمون الماضي المستمر لكن هناك اختلاف في المعني يظهر عند مقارنه الامثله التاليه



IMPORTANT

If you do not include a duration such as "for five minutes," "for two weeks" or "since Friday", many English speakers choose to use the Past Continuous. There is also a difference in meaning. Compare the examples below


I was reading when my roommate returned
Emphasizes the interruption of "reading
يؤكد توقف "القراءة".



I had been reading for an hour when my roommate returned
Emphasizes the amount of time "for an hour
يؤكد مقدار الوقت "ساعة".


ACTIVE / PASSIVE FORMS Past Perfect Continuous



EXAMPLES




Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years, before he moved to Paris. ACTIVE

The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to Paris. PASSIVE


ملحوظه استخدام صيغه الغير مباشر غير شائعه مع زمن الماضي التام المستمر