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المنتدى الأكاديمي للمعلمين ملتقى مهني أكاديمي متخصص للأساتذة الأفاضل في جميع المواد التعليمية (تربية وتعليم & أزهر) |
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أدوات الموضوع | انواع عرض الموضوع |
#16
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~ P ~
Packed like sardines
If a place is extremely crowded, people are packed like sardines, or packed in like sardines. Paddle your own canoe (USA) If you paddle your own canoe, you do things for yourself without outside help. Pain in the neck If someone is very annoying and always disturbing you, they are a pain in the neck. Pain in the butt, or pain in the ass (USA), and Pain in the arse (UK) are less polite alternative forms. Paint the town red If you go out for a night out with lots of fun and drinking, you paint the town red. Paint yourself into a corner (USA) If someone paints themselves into a corner, they get themselves into a mess. Painted Jezebel A painted Jezebel is a scheming woman. Pandora's box If you open a Pandora's box, something you do causes all sorts of trouble that you hadn't anticipated. Paper over the *****s If you paper over the *****s, you try to make something look or work better but only deal with superficial issues, not the real underlying problems. Paper tiger A paper tiger is a person, country, institution, etc, that looks powerful, but is actually weak. Par for the course If something is par for the course, it is what you expected it would be. If it is above par, it is better, and if it is below par, it is worse. Parrot fashion If you learn something parrot fashion, you learn it word for word. A parrot is a bird from South America that can talk. Part and parcel If something is part and parcel of your job, say, it is an essential and unavoidable part that has to be accepted. Pass muster If something passes muster, it meets the required standard. Pass the buck If you pass the buck, you avoid taking responsibility by saying that someone else is responsible. Pass the hat If you pass the hat, you ask a people in a group to give money. Pass the time of day If you pass the time of day with somebody, you stop and say hello, enquire how they are and other such acts of social politeness. Pastoral care This is used in education to describe the aspect of care offered to pupils that cover things besides learning. Patience of Job If something requires the patience of Job, it requires great patience. Pay on the nail If you pay on the nail, you pay promptly in cash. Pay the piper When you pay the piper, you have to accept the consequences of something that you have done wrong or badly. Pay through the nose If you pay through the nose for something, you pay a very high price for it. Pay your dues If you have paid your dues, you have had your own struggles and earned your place or position. Pecking order The pecking order is the order of importance or rank. Peeping Tom A peeping Tom is someone who tries to look through other people's windows without being seen in order to spy on people in their homes. Pen is mightier than the sword The idiom 'the pen is mightier than the sword' means that words and communication are more powerful than wars and fighting. Penny ante (USA) Something that is very unimportant is penny ante. Penny pincher A penny pincher is a mean person or who is very frugal. Penny wise, pound foolish Someone who is penny wise, pound foolish can be very careful or mean with small amounts of money, yet wasteful and extravagant with large sums. People who live in glass houses should not throw stones People should not criticize other people for faults that they have themselves. Pep talk When someone gives you a pep talk it is to build you up to help you accomplish something. In sports a coach might give a player a pep talk before the game to bolster his confidence. At work the boss might give you a pep talk to get you to do a better job. Perfidious Albion England is known to some as perfidious Albion, implying that it is not trustworthy in its dealings with foreigners. Perish the thought Perish the thought is an expression meaning that you really hope something will not happen. Pet peeve A pet peeve is something that irritates an individual greatly. Photo finish A photo finish is when two contestants (usually in a race) finish at almost exactly the same time, making it difficult to determine the winner. (The saying stems from the practice of taking a photograph when the winners cross the finish line to determine who was ahead at the time.) Pick up the tab A person who pays for everyone picks up the tab. Pick-up game (USA) A pick-up game is something unplanned where people respond to events as they happen. Picture perfect When something is exactly as it should be it is said to be picture perfect. Pie in the sky If an idea or scheme is pie in the sky, it is utterly impractical. Piece of cake If something is a piece of cake, it is really easy. Pieces of the same cake Pieces of the same cake are things that have the same characteristics or qualities. Pig in a poke If someone buys a pig in a poke, they buy something without checking the condition it was in, usually finding out later that it was defective. Pigs might fly If you think something will never happen or succeed, you can say that 'pigs might fly' (or 'pigs can fly' and 'pigs will fly'- the idiom is used in many forms) Pin down with a label If you pin someone down with a label, you characterise them, often meant negatively as the label is restrictive. Pin money (UK) If you work for pin money, you work not because you need to but because it gives you money for extra little luxuries and treats. Pinch of salt If what someone says should be taken with a pinch of salt, then they exaggerate and distort things, so what they say shouldn't be believed unquestioningly. ('with a grain of salt' is an alternative.) Pink pound (UK) In the UK, the pink pound is an idiom for the economic power of gay people. Pink slip If someone receives a pink slip, they receive a letter telling them they have lost their job. Pipe dream A pipe dream is an unrealistic, impractical idea or scheme. Piping hot If food is piping hot, it is very hot indeed. Place in the sun If you have your place in the sun, you find wealth, happiness or whatever you are looking for in life. Plain as a pikestaff (UK) If something is as plain as a pikestaff, it is very clear. Plain as the nose on your face If something is as plain as the nose on your face, it is very clear and obvious. Plain Jane A plain Jane is a woman who isn't particularly attractive. Plain sailing If something is relatively easy and there are no problems doing it, it is plain sailing. Plan B Plan is an alternate or fall-back position or method when the initial attempt or plan goes wrong. Plastic smile When someone is wearing a plastic smile, they are appear to be happier with a situation or events than they actually are. This is actually a description of the forced smile you might see in many photographs. Play by ear If you play by ear, you deal with something in an impromptu manner, without guidelines or rules. It refers to playing music without using written notation. Play fast and loose If people play fast and loose, they behave in an irresponsible way and don't respect rules, etc. Play for keeps If you are playing for keeps, you take things very seriously and the outcome is very important to you; it is not a mere game. Play for time If you play for time, you delay something because because you are not ready or need more time to thing about it. Eg. I knew I had to play for time until the police arrived. Play hard to get If someone plays hard to get, they pretend not to be interewsted or attracted by someone, usually to make the other person increase their efforts. Play hardball If someone plays hardball, they are very aggressive in trying to achieve their aim. Play havoc Playing havoc with something is creating disorder and confusion; computer viruses can play havoc with your programs. Play hooky If people play hooky, they don't attend school when they should and don't have a valid reason for their absence. Play into someone's hands If you play into someone's hands, you do what they were expecting you to do and take advantage of this. Play it by ear If you play it by ear, you don't have a plan of action, but decide what to do as events take shape. Play out of your skin If someone plays out of their skin, they give an outstanding performance. Play possum To pretend to be dead or sleeping. His younger sister jumped on him because she knew he was just playing possum. Play second fiddle If you play second fiddle, you take a subordinate role behind someone more important. Play the field Someone who plays the field has ***ual relationships with many people. Play the fool If someone plays the fool, they behave in a silly way to make people laugh. ('Act the fool' is and alternative form.) Play with fire If people take foolish risks, they are playing with fire. Playing to the gallery If someone plays to the gallery, they say or do things that will make them popular at the expense of more important issues. Please revert (India) Please respond to me if the solution provided is incorrect or insufficient. Pleased as punch When someone is pleased as punch, they are very satisfied about something Poacher turned gamekeeper Someone who gets a legitimate job which is the opposite of their previous one. E.G a computer hacker who then helps to catch other hackers or an ex-bank robber who then advises banks on security. Poetry in motion Something that is poetry in motion is beautiful to watch. Point the finger When you point the finger at someone, you are accusing and blaming them for something. Pointy-heads Pointy-heads are supposed intellectuals or experts, but who don't really know that much. Poison pill A poison pill is a strategy designed to prevent a company from being take over. Poker face Someone with a poker face doesn't show any emotion or reaction so that people don't know what they are feeling. Polish the apples (USA) Someone who polishes the apples with someone, tries to get into that person's favor. Polishing peanuts To work very hard at something for little or no return. In other words, wasting time on work which will not yield reasonable value. Politically correct Things or people that are politically correct use language that will not cause offence. Poor as a church mouse If soemone is as poor as a church mouse, they are very poor indeed. Pop the question When someone pops the question, they ask someone to marry them. Pop your clogs When someone pops their clogs, they die. Pork barrel Pork barrel politics involves investing money in an area to get political support rather than using the money for the common good. Pot calling the kettle black If someone hypocritically criticises a person for something that they themselves do, then it is a case of the pot calling the kettle black. Pot-luck If you take pot-luck, you take whatever happens to be available at the time. Pound of flesh If someone wants their pound of flesh, the force someone to pay or give back something owed, even though they don't need it and it will cause the other person a lot of difficulty. Pour oil on troubled waters If someone pours oil on troubled waters, they try to calm things down. Powder your nose If somebody goes to powder your nose, it is a euphemism for going to the lavatory (toilet). Powers that be The powers that be are the people who are in charge of something. Practical joke A practical joke is a trick played on someone that is meant to be funny for people watching, though normally embarrassing for the person being tricked. Practise what you preach If you practise what you preach, you do what you say other people should do.(In American English, the verb is 'practice') Preaching to the choir If someone preaches to the choir, they talking about a subject or issue with which their audience already agrees. ('Preaching to the converted' is an alternative form.) Presence of mind If someone behaves calmly and rationally in difficult circumstances, they show presence of mind. Press the flesh When people, especially politicians, press the flesh, they meet members of the public and shake their hands, usually when trying to get support. Pressed for time If you are pressed for time, you are in a hurry or working against a very tight schedule. Prick up your ears If you prick up your ears, you listen very carefully. ('Pick up your ears' is also used.) Prim and proper Someone who is prim and proper always behaves in the correct way and never breaks the rules of etiquette. Primrose path The primrose path is an easy and pleasurable lifestyle, but one that ends in unpleasantness and problems. Prince charming A prince charming is the perfect man in a woman's life. Problem is thirty If a problem is 30, the problem is the person who sits 30 cm from the computer screen. It is used to describe people that lack technical knowledge and can be used when you insult someone who's having computer problems. Proclaim it from the rooftops If something is proclaimed from the rooftops, it is made as widely known and as public as possible. Prodigal son A prodigal son is a young man who wastes a lot on money on a lavish lifestyle. If the prodigal son returns, they return to a better way of living. Proof of the pudding is in the eating This means that something can only be judged when it is tested or by its results. (It is often shortened to 'Proof of the pudding'.) Pros and cons Pros and cons are arguments for or against a particular issue. Pros are arguments which aim to promote the issue, while cons suggest points against it. The term has been in use since the 16th century and is a shortening of a Latin phrase, pro et contra, which means “for and against.” Considering the pros and cons of an issue is a very useful way to weigh the issue thoughtfully and reach an informed decision. Proud as a peacock Someone who is as proud as a peacock is excessively proud. Pull a rabbit out of your hat If you pull a rabbit out of a hat, you do something that no one was expecting. Pull in the reins When you pull in the reins, you slow down or stop something that has been a bit out of control. Pull no punches If you pull no punches, you hold nothing back. Pull numbers out of your ass (USA) If sopmeone pulls numbers out of their ass, they give unreliable or unsubstantiated figures to back their argument. Pull out all the stops If you pull out all the stops, you do everything you possibly can to achieve the result you want. Pull out of the fire (USA) If you pull something out of the fire, you save or rescue it. Pull rank A person of higher position or in authority pulls rank, he or she exercises his/her authority, generally ending any discussion and ignoring other people's views. Pull someone's leg If you pull someone's leg, you tease them, but not maliciously. Pull strings If you pull strings, you use contacts you have got to help you get what you want. Pull the fat from the fire If you pull the fat from the fire, you help someone in a difficult situation. Pull the other one, it's got brass bells on This idiom is way of telling somebody that you don't believe them. The word 'brass' is optional. Pull the trigger The person who pulls the trigger is the one who does the action that closes or finishes something. Pull the wool over someone's eyes If you pull the wool over someone's eyes, you deceive or cheat them. Pull up your socks If you aren't satisfied with someone and want them to do better, you can tell them to pull up their socks. Pull your chain (USA) If someone pulls your chain, they take advantage of you in an unfair way or do something to annoy you. Pull your finger out! (UK) If someone tells you to do this, they want you to hurry up. ('Get your finger out' is also used.) Pull your punches If you pull your punches, you do not use all the power or authority at your disposal. Pull your weight If someone is not pulling their weight, they aren't making enough effort, especially in group work. Pull yourself up by your bootstraps If you pull yourself up by your bootstraps, you make the effort to improve things for yourself. Punching bag A punching bag (or punch bag) is a person who gets a lot of unfair criticism. Pup's chance A pup's chance is no chance. Puppy love Puppy love is love between two very young people. Purple ***** A purple ***** is a period of time when someone or something is successful and doing well. Push comes to shove If or when push comes to shove, the situation has become some bad that you are forced to do something: If push comes to shove, we'll just have to use our savings. Push the envelope This means to go to the limits, to do something to the maximum possible. Pushing up the daisies If someone is said to be pushing up the daisies, they are dead. Put a bug in your ear If you put a bug in someone's ear, you give him or her a reminder or suggestion relating to a future event. Put a cork in it! This is a way of telling someone to be quiet. Put a sock in it If someone tells you to put a sock in it, they are telling you to shut up. Put all your eggs in one basket If you put all your eggs in one basket, you risk everything on a single opportunity which, like eggs breaking, could go wrong. Put it on the cuff If you put something on the cuff, you will take it now and pay for it later. Put lipstick on a pig If people put lipstick on a pig, they make superficial or cosmetic changes, hoping that it will make the product more attractive. Put more green into something (USA) To put more green into something is to spend more or to increase investment in it. Put on airs If someone puts on airs, they pretend to be grander and more important than they really are. Put or get someone's back up If you put or get someone's back up, you annoy them. Put some dirt on it This means that when you get hurt, you should rub it off or shake it off and you'll be ok. Put some mustard on it! (USA) I think its used to encourage someone to throw a ball like a baseball hard or fast. Put somebody's nose out of joint If you put someone's nose out of joint, you irritate them or make them angry with you. Put someone on a pedestal If you put someone on a pedestal, you admire them greatly, idolise them. Put someone out to pasture If someone is put out to pasture, they are forced to resign or give up some responsibilities. Put that in your pipe and smoke it This is used as an unsympathetic way of telling someone to accept what you have just said. Put the carriage before the horse If you put the carriage before the horse, you try to do things in the wrong order. Put the kybosh on To put an end to something. Put the pedal to the metal If you put the pedal to the metal, you go faster. Put to the sword If someone is put to the sword, he or she is killed or executed. Put two and two together If someone puts two and two together, they reach a correct conclusion from the evidence. Put up or shut up 'Put up or shut up' means you do something you are talking about or not to talk about it any more. Put you in mind If something suggests something to you, it puts you in mind of that thing. Put you in the picture If you put someone in the picture, you tell them the information they need to know about something. Put your best foot forward If you ut your best foot forward, you try your best to do something. Put your cards on the table If you put your cards on the table, you make your thoughts or ideas perfectly clear. Put your foot down When someone puts their foot down, they make a firm stand and establish their authority on an issue. Put your foot in it If you put your foot in it, you do or say something embarrassing and tactless or get yourself into trouble. Put your foot in your mouth If you put your foot in your mouth, you say something stupid or embarrassing. Put your hand on your heart If you can out your hand on your heart, then you can say something knowing it to be true. Put your heads together If people put their head together, they exchange ideas about something. Put your money where your mouth is If someone puts their money where their mouth is, they back up their words with action. Put your shoulder to the wheel When you put your shoulder to the wheel, you contribute to an effort. Put your thumb on the scales If you put your thumb on the scales, you try to influence the result of something in your favour. Put yourself in someone's shoes If you put yourself in someone's shoes, you imagine what it is like to be in their position. Putting the cart before the horse When you put the cart before the horse, you are doing something the wrong way round. Pyrrhic victory A Pyrrhic victory is one that causes the victor to suffer so much to achieve it that it isn't worth winning.
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لاإله إلا الله محمد رسول الله |
#17
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~ Q ~
Quarrel with bread and butter
Bread and butter, here, indicate the means of one’s living. (That is why we say ‘he is the bread winner of the family’). If a sub-ordinate in an organisation is quarrelsome or if he is not patient enough to bear the reprimand he deserves, gets angry and retorts or provokes the higher-up, the top man dismisses him from the job. So, he loses the job that gave him bread and butter. Hence we say, he quarrelled with bread and butter (manager or the top man) and lost his job. Quart into a pint pot (UK) If you try to put or get a quart into a pint pot, you try to put too much in a small space. (1 quart = 2 pints) Queen bee The queen bee is a woman who holds the most important position in a place. Queen of Hearts A woman who is pre-eminent in her area is a Queen of Hearts. Queer fish (UK) A strange person is a queer fish. Queer Street If someone is in a lot of trouble, especially financial, they are in Queer Street. Queer your pitch If someone queers your pitch, they interfere in your affairs and spoil things. Question of time If something's a question of time, it's certain to happen, though we don't know exactly when. Queue jumping Someone who goes to the front of a queue instead of waiting is jumping the queue. Quick as a flash If something happens quick as a flash, it happens very fast indeed. Quick buck If you make some money easily, you make a quick buck. Quick fix A quick fix is an easy solution, especially one that will not last. Quick off the mark If someone is quick off the mark, they are very quick to use, start or do something new. Quick on the trigger Someone who is quick on the trigger acts or responds quickly. Quids in (UK) If somebody is quids in, they stand to make a lot of money from something. Quiet as a cat If somebody is as quiet as a cat they make as little noise as possible and try to be unnoticeable. Quiet as a mouse If someone's as quiet as a mouse, they make absolutely no noise. Quiet before the Storm When you know that something is about to go horribly wrong, but hasn't just yet, then you are in the quiet before the storm. Quitters never win; winners never quit If you quit you will never get what you want, but if you keep trying you will find a way to get what you want. ('Quitters never win, winners never quit, but those who never win and never quit are idiots' is a variation accredited to Larry Kersten)
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لاإله إلا الله محمد رسول الله |
#18
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~ R ~
Rack and ruin
If something or someone goes to rack and ruin, they are utterly destroyed or wrecked. Rack your brain If you rack your brain, you think very hard when trying to remember something. ('Rack your brains' is an alternative.) Ragged blue line (USA) This term was used to signify the Union forces (who wore blue uniforms) in the American Civil war . Rags to riches Someone who starts life very poor and becomes rich goes from rags to riches. Rain on your parade If someone rains on your parade, they ruin your pleasure or your plans. Raining cats and dogs When it is raining cats and dogs, it is raining very heavily. Rainy day If you save something, especially money, for a rainy day, you save it for some possible problem or trouble in the future. Raise Cain (USA) If someone raises Cain, they make a big fuss publicly, causing a disturbance. Raise eyebrows If something raises eyebrows, it shocks or surprises people. Rake over old coals (UK) If you go back to old problems and try to bring them back, making trouble for someone, you are raking over old coals. Rake someone over the coals (USA) If you rake someone over the coals, you criticize or scold them severely. Rank and file The rank and file are the ordinary members of a company, organisation, etc, excluding the managers and directors. Rat race The rat race is the ruthless, competitive struggle for success in work, etc. Rather you than me Rather you than me is an expression used when someone has something unpleasant or arduous to do. It is meant in a good natured way of expressing both sympathy and having a bit of a laugh at their expense. Raw deal If you get a raw deal, you are treated unfairly. Read between the lines If you read between the lines, you find the real message in what you're reading or hearing, a meaning that is not available from a literal interpretation of the words. Read from the same page When people are reading from the same page, they say the same things in public about an issue. Read someone the riot act If you read someone the riot act, you give them a clear warning that if they don't stop doing something, they will be in serious trouble. Real deal If something is the real deal, it is genuine and good. Real McCoy Something that's the real McCoy is the genuine article, not a fake. Real plum A real plum is a good opportunity. Real trouper A real trouper is someone who will fight for what they believe in and doesn't give up easily. (People often use 'Real trooper' as the two words sound the same.) Rearrange the deckchairs on the Titanic (UK) If people are rearranging the deckchairs on the Titanic, they are making small changes that will have no effect as the project, company, etc, is in very serious trouble. Recharge your batteries If you recharge your batteries, you do something to regain your energy after working hard for a long time. Recipe for disaster A recipe for disaster is a mixture of people and events that could only possibly result in trouble. Red carpet If you give someone the red-carpet treatment, you give them a special welcome to show that you think they are important. You can roll out the red carpet, too. Red herring If something is a distraction from the real issues, it is a red herring. Red letter day A red letter day is a one of good luck, when something special happens to you. Red light district The red light district is the area of a town or city where there is prostitution, *** shops, etc. Red mist If someone sees red or the red mist, they lose their temper and self-control completely. Red rag to a bull If something is a red rag to a bull, it is something that will inevitably make somebody angry or cross. Red tape This is a negative term for the official paperwork and bureaucracy that we have to deal with. Reds under the bed An ironic allusion to the obsession some people have that there are reds (communists) everywhere plotting violent revolution. Reduce to ashes If something is reduced to ashes, it is destroyed or made useless. His infidelities reduced their relationship to ashes. Reinvent the wheel If someone reinvents the wheel, they waste their time doing something that has already been done by other people, when they could be doing something more worthwhile. Renaissance man A Renaissance man is a person who is talented in a number of different areas, especially when their talents include both the sciences and the arts. Rest is gravy (USA) If the rest is gravy, it is easy and straightforward once you have reached that stage. Rest on your laurels If someone rests on their laurels, they rely on their past achievements, rather than trying to achieve things now. Revenge is sweet When you are happy to be proved right, then you know that revenge is sweet. Rewrite history If you rewrite history, you change your version of past events so as to make yourself look better than you would if the truth was told. Rhyme or reason If something is without rhyme or reason, it is unreasonable. ('Beyond rhyme or reason' is an alternative.) Rice missionary A rice missionary gives food to hungry people as a way of converting them to Christianity. Rich as Croesus Someone who is as rich as Croesus is very wealthy indeed. Rich man's family A rich man's family consists of one son and one daughter. Ride for a fall If sxomeone is riding for a fall, they are taking great risks that are likely to end in a disaster. Ride high If someone is riding high, they are very successful at the moment. Ride roughshod If someone rides roughshod over other people, they impose their will without caring at all for other people's feelings. Ride shotgun If you ride shotgun, you protect or guard something when it is being transported. Ride with the tide If you ride with the tide, you accept the majority decision. Right as rain If things are right as rain, then everything is going well in your life. Right out of the blocks This means immediately; at the very beginning. It describes a sprinter blasting out of the starting blocks at the beginning of a short distance race (e.g., 100-yard dash, 50-yard dash). Right royal (UK) A right royal night out would be an extremely exciting, memorable and fun one. Right up my alley If something is right up your alley, it suits you perfectly. Right up your street If something is ideal for you, it is right up your street. Ring a bell If something rings a bell, it reminds you of something you have heard before, though you may not be able to remember it very well. A name may ring a bell, so you know you have heard the name before, but cannot place it properly. Ringside seat If you have a ringside seat, you can observe something from a very close and clear position. Rip van Winkle Rip van Winkle is a character in a story who slept for twenty years, so if someone is a Rip van Winkle, they are behind the times and out of touch with what's happening now. Rise and shine If you wake up full of energy, you rise and shine. Rise from the ashes If something rises from the ashes, it recovers after a serious failure. Road to Damascus If someone has a great and sudden change in their ideas or beliefs, then this is a road to Damascus change, after the conversion of Saint Paul to Christianity while heading to Damascus to persecute Christians. Rob Peter to pay Paul If you rob Peter to pay Paul, you try to solve one problem, but create another in doing so, often through short-term planning. Rock the boat If you rock the boat, you destabilise a situation by making trouble. It is often used as advice; 'Don't rock the boat'. Rocket science If something is not rocket science, it is not very complicated or difficult to understand. This idiom is normally used in the negative. Roll out the red carpet If you roll out the red carpet, you treat someone in a special way, especially when welcoming them. Roll with the punches If you roll with the punches, you are flexible and able to adapt to difficult circumstances. Roll your eyes If you roll your eyes, you show with your eyes that you don't believe someone or aren't interested in what they're saying. Rolling in money If someone has a lot of money, more than they could possibly need, they are rolling in money. Rolling in the aisles If the audience watching something are laughing loudly, the show has them rolling in the aisles. Rome was not built in a day This idiom means that many things cannot be done instantly, and require time and patience. Root hog or die poor (USA) It's a expression used in the Southern USA that means that you must look out for yourself as no one's going to do it for you. (It can be shortened to 'root hog'. A hog is a pig.) Rooted to the spot If someone is rooted to the spot, they canot move, either physically or they cannot think their way out of a problem. Rose-colored glasses If people see things through rose-colored (coloured) glasses, they see them in a more positive light than they really are. Rose-tinted glasses If people see things through rose-tinted glasses, they see them in a more positive light than they really are. Rough and ready If something is rough and ready, it has not been carefully prepared, but is fit for its purpose. If a person is rough and ready, they are not very refined or mannered. Rough around the edges If someone is rough around the edges, they haven't mastered something, though they show promise. Rough diamond A rough diamond is a person who might be a bit rude but who is good underneath it all. Rough edges If something has rough edges, it is still not a finished product and not all of a uniform standard. Rough end of the stick To get the rough end of the stick is to be treated unfairly or to come off worse than the other party in a transaction, situation or relationship. Rough-hewn If something, especially something made from wood or stone, is rough-hewn, it is unfinished or unpolished. Round the bend If someone has gone round the bend, they have stopped being rational about something. If something drives you round the bend, it irritates you or makes you angry. Round the houses If you go round the houses, you do something in an inefficient way when there is a quicker, more convenient way. Rub shoulders If you rub shoulders with people, you meet and spend time with them, especially when they are powerful or famous. Rub someone up the wrong way If you annoy or irritate someone when you didn't mean to, you rub them up the wrong way. Rudderless ship If an organisation, company, government, etc, is like a rudderless ship, it has no clear direction and drifts about without reaching its goals. Rue the day This means that the person will one day bitterly regret what they have done. Ruffle a few feathers If you ruffle a few feathers, you annoy some people when making changes or improvements. Rule of thumb Rule of thumb means approximately. Rule the roost If someone rules the roost they are the boss. Example:There's no doubt who rules the roost in this house. Run a mile If someone "Runs a mile", they do everything they can to avoid a situation. Example: "I was worried that he'd take one look at me and run a mile." Run amok When things or people are running amok, they are wild and out of control.('Run amuck' is also used.) Run around the bush (USA) If you run around the bush, it means that you're taking a long time to get to the point. Run before you can walk If someone tries to run before they can walk, they try to do something requiring a high level of knowledge before they have learned the basics. Run circles around someone If you can run circles around someone, you are smarter and intellectually quicker than they are. Run into the sand If something runs into the sand, it fails to achieve a result. Run it up the flagpole and see if anyone salutes This idiom is used to suggest trying out an idea to see if people accept it. Run off your feet If you are run off your feet, you are extremely busy and don't have enough time to do everything. Run out of gas If a campaign, project, etc, runs out of gas, it loses energy and momentum, and progress slows or halts. Run rings around someone If you run rings around someone, you are so much better than them that they have no chance of keeping up with you. Run something into the ground If people run something into the ground, they treat or manage it so badly that they ruin it. Run the gauntlet If somebody is being criticised harshly by a lot of people, they are said to run the gauntlet. Run the show If someone runs the show, they like to be in control and make all the decisions. Run to ground If you run someone or something to ground, you pursue until you capture or find them or it. Run your mouth off If someone runs their mouth off, they talk too much. Run-of-the-mill If something is run-of-the-mill, there is nothing exceptional about it- it is ordinary or average. Running on empty If you are exhausted but keep going, you are running on empty. Running on fumes If someone has used all their energy on something, but must continue, they are running on fumes. It is an expression used when driving a car when the needle is on empty but still running. We say it is 'running on fumes'. Runs in the family If a characteristic runs in the family, it can clearly be seen members of different generations. A hereditary illness that is passed from one generation to the next also runs in the family. Russian roulette If people take a dangerous and unnecessary risk, they are playing Russian roulette. Rusty needle When something is described as a rusty needle, it is badly damaged but still works, or if someone very is sick or tired but still manages to do things at a fairly good level. An alternative form is "a tarnished needle".
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لاإله إلا الله محمد رسول الله |
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Sacred cow
Something that is a sacred cow is held in such respect that it cannot be criticised or attacked. Safe and sound If you arrive safe and sound, then nothing has harmed you on your way. Safe as houses Something that is as safe as houses is very secure or certain. Safe bet A proposition that is a safe bet doesn't have any risks attached. Safe pair of hands A person who can be trusted to do something without causing any trouble is a safe pair of hands. Safety in numbers If a lot of people do something risky at the same time, the risk is reduced because there is safety in numbers. Saigon moment (USA) A Saigon moment is when people realise that something has gone wrong and that they will lose or fail. Sail close to the wind If you sail close to the wind, you take risks to do something, going close to the limit of what is allowed or acceptable. Sail under false colours Someone who sails under false colours (colors) is hypocritical or pretends to be something they aren't in order to deceive people. Salad days Your salad days are an especially happy period of your life. Salt in a wound If you rub salt in a wound, you make someone feel bad about something that is already a painful experience. 'Pour salt on a wound' is an alternative form of the idiom. Salt of the earth People who are salt of the earth are decent, dependable and unpretentious. Salty dog A salty dog is an experienced sailor. Same old, same old When nothing changes, it's the same old, same old. Save face If someone saves face, they manage to protect their reputation. Save someone's bacon If something saves your bacon, it saves your life or rescues you from a desperate situation. People can also save your bacon. Save your skin If someone saves their skin, they manage to avoid getting into serious trouble. Saved by the bell If you are saved by the bell, you are rescued from a danger or a tricky situation just in time. Saving grace If someone has some character defects, but has a characteristic that compensate for their failings and shortcomings, this is their saving grace. Say uncle (USA) If you say uncle, you admit defeat. ('Cry uncle' is an alternative form.) Say when People say this when pouring a drink as a way of telling you to tell them when there's enough in your glass. Say-so If you do something on someone else's say-so, you do it on the authority, advice or recommendation. Saying is one thing; doing is another It's harder to do something than it is to say that you will do it. Scales fall from your eyes When the scales fall from your eyes, you suddenly realise the truth about something. Scare the daylights out of someone If you scare the daylights out of someone, you terrify them. (This can be made even stronger by saying 'the living daylights'.) Scarlet woman This idiom is used as a pejorative term for a ***ually promiscuous woman, especially an adulteress. Scattered to the four winds If something's scattered to the four winds, it goes out in all directions. Scent blood If you can scent blood, you feel that a rival is having difficulties and you are going to beat them. Schoolyard pick When people take it in turns to choose a member of a team, it is a schoolyard pick. Scot free If someone escapes scot free, they avoid payment or punishment. 'Scot' is an old word for a tax, so it originally referred to avoiding taxes, though now has a wider sense of not being punished for someone that you have done. Scotch Mist The phrase 'Scotch mist' is used humorously to refer to something that is hard to find or doesn't exist - something imagined. Scraping the barrel When all the best people, things or ideas and so on are used up and people try to make do with what they have left, they are scraping the barrel. Scream blue murder If someone shouts very loudly in anger, or fear, they scream blue murder. Screw loose If someone has a screw loose, they are crazy. Screwed if you do, screwed if you don't This means that no matter what you decide or do in a situation, there will be negative consequences. Sea legs If you are getting your sea legs, it takes you a while to get used to something new. Seamy side The seamy side of something is the unpleasant or sordid aspect it has. Searching question A searching question goes straight to the heart of the subject matter, possibly requiring an answer with a degree of honesty that the other person finds uncomfortable. Second thoughts If some has second thoughts, they start to think that an idea, etc, is not as good as it sounded at first and are starting to have doubts. Second wind If you overcome tiredness and find new energy and enthusiasm, you have second wind. See eye to eye If people see eye to eye, they agree about everything. See red If someone sees red, they become very angry about something. See the elephant If you see the elephant, you experience much more than you wish to; it is often used when a soldier goes into a warzone for the first time. See the light When someone sees the light, they realise the truth. See which way the cat jumps (AU) If you see which way the cat jumps, you postpone making a decision or acting until you have seen how things are developing. See you anon (UK) If somebody says this when leaving, they expect to see you again soon. See you later A casual way of saying to friends I'll see you again, sometime, (without a definite date or time having been set) - this is often abbreviated to 'Later' or 'Laters' as an alternative way of saying goodbye. See you on the big drum A good night phrase to children. Seed money Seed money is money that is used to start a small business. Seeing is believing This idiom means that people can only really believe what they experience personally. Seen better days If something's seen better days, it has aged badly and visibly compared to when it was new. The phrase can also be used to describe people. Sell down the river If you sell someone down the river, you betray their trust. Sell like hot cakes If a product is selling very well, it is selling like hot cakes. Sell like hotcakes If something is selling like hotcakes, it is very popular and selling very well. Sell your birthright for a mess of pottage If a person sells their birthright for a mess of pottage, they accept some trivial financial or other gain, but lose something much more important. 'Sell your soul for a mess of pottage' is an alternative form. Sell your soul If someone sells their soul, their betray the most precious beliefs. Send someone packing If you send someone packing, you send them away, normally when they want something from you. Send someone to Coventry (UK) If you send someone to Coventry, you refuse to talk to them or co-operate with them. Separate the sheep from the goats If you separate the sheep from the goats, you sort out the good from the bad. Separate the wheat from the chaff When you separate the wheat from the chaff, you select what is useful or valuable and reject what is useless or worthless. Serve time When someone is serving time, they are in prison. Serve your country When someone is serving their country, they have enrolled in the military. Set in stone If something is set in stone, it cannot be changed or altered. Set the Thames on fire If you do something remarkable, you set the Thames on fire, though this expression is used in the negative; someone who is dull or undistiguished will never set the Thames on fire. Set the wheels in motion When you set the wheels in motion, you get something started. Set your sights on If you set your sights on someone or something, it is your ambition to beat them or to achieve that goal. Seven sheets to the wind If someone is seven sheets to the wind, they are very drunk. Seventh heaven If you are in seventh heaven, you are extremely happy. Shades of meaning Shades of meaning is a phrase used to describe the small, subtle differences in meaning between similar words or phrases; 'kid' and 'youth' both refer to young people, but carry differing views and ideas about young people. Shaggy dog story A shaggy dog story is a joke which is a long story with a silly end. Shake a leg If you shake a leg, you are out of bed and active. It can be used to tell someone to hurry up. Shanks's pony (UK) If you go somewhere by Shanks's pony, you walk there. Shape up or ship out If someone has to shape up or ship out, they have to improve or leave their job, organisation, etc. Sharp as a tack (USA) If someone is as sharp as a tack, they are very clever indeed. Sharp cookie Someone who isn't easily deceived or fooled is a sharp cookie. Sharpen your pencil (USA) If someone says this when negotiating, they want the other person to make a better offer, a lower price. She'll be apples (AU) A very popular old Australian saying meaning everything will be all right, often used when there is some doubt. Shed light If you shed light on something, you make it clearer and easier to understand. Shifting sands If the sands are shifting, circumstances are changing. Shilly-shally If people shilly-shally, they can't make up their minds about something and put off the decision. Ship came in If your ship has come in, something very good has happened to you. Shipshape and Bristol fashion If things are shipshape and Bristol fashion, they are in perfect working order. Shoe is on the other foot If the shoe is on the other foot, someone is experiencing what they used to make others experience, normally negative things. Shoestring If you do something on a shoestring, you try to spend the absolute minimum amount of money possible on it. Shoot down in flames If someone demolishes your argument, it (and you) have been shot down in flames. Shoot from the hip Someone who shoots from the hip talks very directly or insensitively without thinking beforehand. Shoot the breeze When you shoot the breeze, you chat in a relaxed way. Shoot your wad When you have shot your wad, you have expended everything and have no more to say or do about a matter. Shoot yourself in the foot If you shoot yourself in the foot, you do something that damages your ambition, career, etc. Shooting fish in a barrel If something is like shooting fish in a barrel, it is so easy that success is guaranteed. Shop floor 'Shop floor' refers to the part of an organisation where the work is actually performed rather than just managed. Short end of the stick If someone gets the short end of the stick, they are unfairly treated or don't get what they deserve. Short horse soon curried A convenient and superficial explanation that is normally unconvincing is a short horse soon curried. Short shrift If somebody gives you short shrift, they treat you rudely and brusquely, showing no interest or sympathy. Short-change If you are short-changed, someone cheats you of money or doesn't give you full value for something. Shot across the bow A shot across the bow is a warning to tell someone to stop doing something or face very serious consequences. Shot in the dark If you have a shot in the dark at something, you try something where you have little hope of success. Shotgun marriage A shotgun marriage, or shotgun wedding, is one that is forced because of pregnancy. It is also used idiomatically for a compromise, agreement or arrangement that is forced upon groups or people by necessity. Show me the money When people say this, they either want to know how much they will be paid for something or want to see evidence that something is valuable or worth paying for. Show someone a clean pair of heels If you show someone a clean pair of heels, you run faster than them when they are chasing you. Show someone the ropes If you show someone the ropes, you explain to someone new how things work and how to do a job. Show your true colors To show your true colors is to reveal yourself as you really are. Shrinking violet A shrinking violet is a shy person who doesn't express their views and opinions. Sick and tired If you are sick and tired of something, it has been going on for a long time and you can no longer tolerate it. Sick as a dog If somebody's as sick as a dog, they throw up (=vomit) violently. Sick as a parrot If someone's sick as a parrot about something, they are unhappy, disappointed or depressed about it. Sick to death If you are sick to death of something, you have been exposed to so much of it that you cannot take any more. Sight for sore eyes Someone or something that is a sight for sore eyes is a pleasure to see. Sight to behold If something is a sight to behold, it means that seeing it is in some way special, either spectacularly beautiful or, equally, incredibly ugly or revolting, etc. Signed, sealed and delivered If something's signed, sealed and delivered, it has been done correctly, following all the necessary procedures. Silence is golden It is often better to say nothing than to talk, so silence is golden. Silly season The silly season is midsummer when Parliament is closed and nothing much is happening that is newsworthy, which reduces the press to reporting trivial and stupid stories. Silver bullet A silver bullet is a complete solution to a large problem, a solution that seems magical. Silver screen The silver screen is the cinema. Silver surfer A silver surfer is an elderly person who uses the internet. Since time immemorial If something has happened since time immemorial, it's been going on for such a long time that nobody can remember a time without it. Sing for your supper If you have to sing for your supper, you have to work to get the pay or reward you need or want. Sing from the same hymn sheet If people are singing from the same hymn sheet, they are expressing the same opinions in public. Sing like a canary If someone sings like a canary, they tell everything they know about a crime or wrongdoing to the police or authorities. Sink or swim Of you are left to sink or swim, no one gives you any help and it's up to you whether you fail or succeed. Sit on the fence If someone sits on the fence, they try not to support either side in a dispute. Sit pretty Someone who's sitting pretty is in a very advantageous situation. Sit well with If something doesn't sit well with you, it doesn't please you or is not acceptable to you. Sitting duck A sitting duck is something or someone that is easy to criticise or target. Six feet under If someone is six feet under, they are dead. Six of one and half-a-dozen of the other This is an idiom used when there is little or no difference between two options. Sixes and sevens If something is all at sixes and sevens, then there is a lot of disagreement and confusion about what should be done. Sixty-four-thousand-dollar-question The sixty-four-thousand-dollar-question is the most important question that can be asked about something. Skate on thin ice If someone is skating on thin ice, they are taking a big risk. Skeleton in the closet If someone has a skeleton in the closet, they have a dark, shameful secret in their past that they want to remain secret. Skin and bones If someone is skin and bones, they are very underweight and look bad. Skin in the game A person who has skin in the game has invested in the company they are running. Skin someone alive If someone skins you alive, they admonish and punish you hard. Skunkworks An unauthorised, or hidden program or activity, often research-oriented, and out of the bureaucratic chain of command is known as a 'skunkworks'. Sky is the limit When people say that the sky is the limit, they think that there are no limits to the possibilities something could have. Slap leather (USA) This is used as an instruction to tell people when to draw their guns. Slap on the wrist If someone gets a slap on the wrist, they get a very minor punishment when they could have been punished more severely. Sleep like a baby If you sleep very well, you sleep like a baby. Sleep like a log If you sleep like a log, you sleep very soundly. Sleep well- don't let the bedbugs bite This is a way of wishing someone a good night's sleep. Sleight of hand Sleight of hand is the ability to use your hands in a clever way, like a magician performing tricks you can't see. Slim chance A slim chance is a very small chance. Sling your hook This is used as a way of telling someone to leave or go away. Slip of the tongue If you say something accidentally, it is a slip of the tongue. Slip through one's fingers If something slips through one’s fingers it escapes or is lost through carelessness. Slippery customer A person from whom it is difficult to get anything definite or fixed is a slippery customer. Slippery slope A slippery slope is where a measure would lead to further worse measures. Slough of despond If someone is very depressed or in despair, they're in a slough of despond. Slow and steady wins the race This expression means that consistency, although progress may be slow, will eventually be more beneficial than being hasty or careless just to get something done. Slow boat to China This idiom is used to describe something that is very slow and takes a long time. Slow but sure If something or someone is slow but sure, they may take their time to do something, but they are reliable. Slower than molasses going uphill in January (USA) To move extremely slowly. Molasses drips slowly anyway but add January cold and gravity, dripping uphill would be an impossibility, thereby making the molasses move very slowly indeed! Slowly, slowly catchy monkey This means that eventually you will achieve your goal. Sly as a fox Someone who is as sly as a fox is cunning and experienced and can get what they want, often in an underhand way. Smack in the face If something is a smack in the face, it is a shock, usually one that impedes progress. Small beer If something is small beer, it's unimportant. Small dog, tall weeds This idiom is used to describe someone the speaker does not believe has the ability or resources to handle a task or job. Small fry If someone is small fry, they are unimportant. The term is often used when the police arrest the less important criminals, but are unable to catch the leaders and masterminds. Small potatoes Someone or something that is unimportant is small potatoes. Small-time If a person or a thing is called 'small-time' it means they're inconsequential, not worth much, don't play in the 'big leagues', as in 'a small-time operator'. Smart Alec A smart Alec is a conceited person who likes to show off how clever and knowledgeable they are. Smart as a whip A person who is smart as a whip is very clever. Smarty pants A smarty pants is someone who displays the intelligence in an annoying way. Smell a rat If you smell a rat, you know instinctively that something is wrong or that someone is lying to you. Smoke and mirrors An attempt to conceal something is smoke and mirrors. Smoke like a chimney Someone who smokes very heavily smokes like a chimney. Smoke the peace pipe If people smoke the peace pipe, they stop arguing and fighting. Smokestack industry Heavy industries like iron and steel production, especially if they produce a lot of pollution, are smokestack industries. Smoking gun A smoking gun is definitive proof of someone's guilt. Smooth as a baby's bottom If something is smooth as a baby's bottom, it has a regular, flat surface. Smooth sailing If something is smooth sailing, then you can progress without difficulty. ('Plain sailing' is also used.) Snake in the grass Someone who is a snake in the grass betrays you even though you have trusted them. Snake oil Advice or medicine which is of no use. Snake oil salesperson A person who promotes something that doesn't work, is selling snake oil. Snug as a bug in a rug If you're as snug as a bug in a rug, you are feeling very comfortable indeed. So it goes This idiom is used to be fatalistic and accepting when something goes wrong. So on and so forth And so on and so forth mean the same as etcetera (etc.). Sod's law Sod's law states that if something can go wrong then it will. Soft soap someone If you soft soap someone, you flatter them. Some other time If somebody says they'll do something some other time, they mean at some indefinite time in the future, possibly never, but they certainly don't want to feel obliged to fix a specific time or date. Something nasty in the woodshed Something nasty in the woodshed means that someone as a dark secret or an unpleasant experience in their past. Sound as a bell If something or someone is as sound as a bell, they are very healthy or in very good condition. Sound as a pound (UK) if something is as sound as a pound, it is very good or reliable. Sour grapes When someone says something critical or negative because they are jealous, it is a case of sour grapes. Sow the seeds When people sow the seeds, they start something that will have a much greater impact in the future. Sow your wild oats If a young man sows his wild oats, he has a period of his life when he does a lot of exciting things and has a lot of ***ual relationships. for e.g. He'd spent his twenties sowing his wild oats but felt that it was time to settle down. Spanish practices Unauthorized working methods that benefit those who follow them are Spanish practices. Spanner in the works (UK) If someone puts or throws a spanner in the works, they ruin a plan. In American English, 'wrench' is used instead of 'spanner'. Spare the rod and spoil the child This means that if you don't discipline children, they will become spoilt. Speak of the devil! If you are talking about someone and they happen to walk in, you can use this idiom as a way of letting them know you were talking about them. Speak to the organ grinder not the monkey Talk to the boss not the subordinate Speak volumes If something speaks volumes, it tells us a lot about the real nature of something or someone,even though it may only be a small detail. Speak with a forked tongue To say one thing and mean another, to lie, to be two-faced Spend a penny (UK) This is a euphemistic idiom meaning to go to the toilet. Spend like a sailor Someone who spends their money wildly spends like a sailor. Spice of life The spice of life is something that makes it feel worth living. Spick and span If a room is spick and span, it is very clean and tidy. Spill the beans If you spill the beans, you reveal a secret or confess to something. Spin a yarn If someone spins a yarn, they tell a story, usually a long or fanciful one. Spinning a line When someone spins you a line, they are trying to deceive you by lying. Spinning a yarn When someone spins you a yarn, they are trying to deceive you by lying. Spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak If the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak, someone lacks the willpower to change things they do because they derive too much pleasure from them. Spirit of the law The spirit of the law is the idea or ideas that the people who made the law wanted to have effect. Spit blood If someone is spitting blood, they are absolutely furious. Spit it out People say this when someone has something to say but is too embarrassed, shy, etc, to say it. Spit the dummy Reference to an infant spitting out their dummy (or pacifier) in order to cry. 'To spit the dummy' is to give up. Spitting image If a person is the spitting image of somebody, they look exactly alike.('Spit and image' is also used and some suggest it is a hasty pronunciation of "spirit & image", to suggest that someone completely resembles someone else. Example: He's the spirit & image of his grandfather.) Split hairs If people split hairs, they concentrate on tiny and unimportant details to find fault with something. Split the blanket If people split the blanket, it means they get a divorce or end their relationship. Spoil the ship for a ha'pworth of tar (UK) If someone spoils the ship for a ha'pworth (halfpenny's worth) of tar, they spoil something completely by trying to make a small economy. Spot on If something is spot on, it is exactly right. Sprat to catch a mackerel If you use a sprat to catch a mackerel, you make a small expenditure or take a small risk in the hope of a much greater gain. Spring to mind If something springs to mind, it appears suddenly and unexpectedly in your thoughts. Spur of the moment If you do something on the spur of the moment, you do it because you felt like it at that time, without any planning or preparation. Sputnik moment A Sputnik moment is a point where people realise that they are threatened of challenged and have to redouble their efforts to catch up. It comes from the time when the Soviet Union launched the first satellite, the Sputnik 1, and beat the USA into space. Square meal A square meal is a substantial or filling meal. Square Mile (UK) The Square Mile is the City, the financial area of London. Square peg in a round hole If somebody's in a situation, organisation, etc, where they don't fit in and feel out of place, they are a square peg in a round hole. Square the circle When someone is squaring the circle, they are trying to do something impossible. Squared away Being prepared or ready for business or tasks at hand. Having the proper knowledge, skill and equipment to handle your assignment or station. 'He is a great addition to the squad; he is squared away.' Squeaky clean If something is squeaky clean, it is very clean indeed- spotless. If a person is squeaky clean, they have no criminal record and are not suspected of illegal or immoral activities. Squeaky wheel gets the grease (USA) When people say that the squeaky wheel gets the grease, they mean that the person who complains or protests the loudest attracts attention and service. Squeeze blood out of a turnip (USA) When people say that you can't squeeze blood out of a turnip, it means that you cannot get something from a person, especially money, that they don't have. Stalking horse A stalking horse is a strategy or something used to conceal your intentions. It is often used where someone put themselves forwards as a candidate to divide opponents or to hide the real candidate. Stand in good stead If something will stand you in good stead, it will probably be advantageous in the future. Stars and stripes The stars and stripes is the American flag. Stars in your eyes Someone who dreams of being famous has stars in their eyes. Start from scratch When you start something from scratch, you start at the very beginning. State of the art If something is state of the art, it is the most up-to-date model incorporating the latest and best technology. Status quo Someone who wants to preserve the status quo wants a particular situation to remain unchanged. Steal a march This expression indicates the stealthiness of a person over another to gain advantage of the situation. For instance, if two persons are offered some jobs which are vacant, they resolve to go together next day at an agreed time, but one of them, without telling the other, goes earlier than the other and secures the better of the two jobs, he is said to steal a march on the other person. Steal someone's thunder If someone steals your thunder, they take the credit and praise for something you did. Steer clear of If you steer clear of something, you avoid it. Stem the tide If people try to stem the tide, they are trying to stop something unpleasant from getting worse, usually when they don't succeed. Step on it This idiom is a way of telling someone to hurry up or to go faster. Step on someone's toes If you step on someone's toes, you upset them, especially if you do something that they should be in charge of. Step up to the plate If someone steps up to the plate, they take on or accept a challenge or a responsibility. Stew in your own juices If you leave someone to stew in their own juices, you leave them to worry about the consequences of what they have done wrong or badly. Stick in your craw If someone or something really annoys you, it is said to stick in your craw. Stick out like a sore thumb If something sticks or stands out like a sore thumb, it is clearly and obviously different from the things that are around it. Stick to your guns If you stick to your guns, you keep your position even though people attack or criticise you. Stick your neck out If you stick you neck out, you take a risk because you believe in something. Stick-in-the-mud A stick-in-the-mud is someone who doesn't like change and wants things to stay the same. Sticking point A sticking point is a controversial issue that blocks progress in negotiations, etc, where compromise is unlikely or impossible. Sticky end (UK) If someone comes to a sticky end, they die in an unpleasant way. ('Meet a sticky end' is also used.) Sticky fingers The tendency to keep (or steal) an object you touch. Also, to steal something quickly without anyone noticing. (ex: 'You stole that guy's wallet? You have some sticky fingers, my friend.') Sticky wicket (UK) If you are on a sticky wicket, you are in a difficult situation. Stiff as a poker Something or someone that is stiff as a poker is inflexible. ('Stiff as a board' is also used.) Stiff upper lip (UK) If you keep your emotions to yourself and don't let others know how you feel when something bad happens, you keep a stiff upper lip. Stiff-necked A stiff-necked person is rather formal and finds it hard to relax in company. Still in the game If someone is still in the game, they may be having troubles competing, but they are not yet finished and may come back. Still waters run deep People use this idiom to imply that people who are quiet and don't try to attract attention are often more interesting than people who do try to get attention. Stir the blood If something stirs your blood, it arouses feelings or passions,. Stitch in time saves nine A stitch in time saves nine means that if a job needs doing it is better to do it now, because it will only get worse, like a hole in clothes that requires stitching. Stone dead This idiom is a way of emphasizing that there were absolutely no signs of life or movement. Stone deaf Someone who is stone deaf is completely deaf. Stone's throw If a place is a stone's throw from where you are, it is a very short distance away. Stool pigeon (USA) A stool pigeon is a police informer. Stop cold To stop suddenly out of surprise. Storm in a teacup If someone exaggerates a problem or makes a small problem seem far greater than it really is, then they are making a storm in a teacup. Straight face If someone keeps a straight face, they remain serious and do not show emotion or amusement. Straight from the shoulder If someone talks straight from the shoulder, they talk honestly and plainly. Strain every nerve If you strain every nerve, you make a great effort to achieve something. Strange at the best of times To describe someone or something as really weird or unpleasant in a mild way. Straw man A straw man is a weak argument that is easily defeated. It can also be a person who is used as to give an illegal or inappropriate activity an appearance of respectability. Straw poll A straw poll is a small unofficial survey or ballot to find out what people think about an issue. Straw that broke the camel's back The straw that broke the camel's back is the problem that made you lose your temper or the problem that finally brought about the collapse of something. Streets ahead If people are streets ahead of their rivals, they are a long way in front. Strike a chord If strikes a chord, it is familiar to you, reminds you of something or is connected to you somehow. Strike while the iron is hot If you strike while the iron is hot you do something when things are going well for you and you have a good chance to succeed. Stroll down memory lane If you take a stroll down memory lane, you talk about the past or revisit places that were important to you in the past. (You can also 'take a trip down memory lane'.) Strong as an ox Someone who's exceedingly strong physically is said to be as strong as an ox. Stubborn as a mule Someone who will not listen to other people's advice and won't change their way of doing things is as stubborn as a mule. Stuffed to the gills If someone is stuffed to the gills, they have eaten a lot and are very full. Succeed in the clutch If you succeed in the clutch, you perform at a crucial time; it is particularly used in sports for the decisive moments of the game. The opposite is 'fail in the clutch.' Suck hind teat A person who sucks hind teat is at a disadvantage or considered worse or less important that others. Sunday driver A Sunday driver drives very slowly and makes unexpected manoeuvres. Sure as eggs is eggs These means absolutely certain, and we do say 'is' even though it is grammatically wrong. Sure-fire If something is sure-fire, it is certain to succeed. ('Surefire' is also used.) Swansong A person's swansong is their final achievement or public appearance. Swear like a sailor Someone who is foul-mouthed and uses bad language all the time, swears like a sailor. Swear like a trooper Someone who is foul-mouthed and uses bad language all the time, swears like a trooper. Sweat blood If you sweat blood, you make an extraordinary effort to achieve something. Sweat like a pig If someone is sweating like a pig, they are perspiring (sweating) a lot. Sweep off your feet If you are swept off your feet, you lose control emotionally when you fall in love or are really impressed. Sweep things under the carpet If people try to ignore unpleasant things and forget about them, they sweep them under the carpet. Sweet as a gumdrop This means that something or someone is very nice or pretty. Sweet tooth If you have a sweet tooth, you like eating food with sugar in it. Swim against the tide If you swim against the tide, you try to do something that is very difficult because there is a lot of opposition to you. ('Go against the tide' is an alternative form.) Swim with the fishes If someone is swimming with the fishes, they are dead, especially if they have been murdered. 'Sleep with the fishes' is an alternative form. Swim with the tide If you swim with the tide, you do the same as people around you and accept the general consensus. ('Go with the tide' is an alternative form.) Swimmingly If things are going swimmingly, they are going very well. Swing the lead If you swing the lead, you pretend to be ill or do not do your share of the work. Swinging door This idiom refers to something or someone that can go in two conflicting or opposite directions. Swings and roundabouts If something's swings and roundabouts, it has about as many disadvantages as it has advantages.
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لاإله إلا الله محمد رسول الله |
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~ T ~
Tables are turned
When the tables are turned, the situation has changed giving the advantage to the party who had previously been at a disadvantage. Tackle an issue If you tackle an issue or problem, you resolve or deal with it. Take a hike This is a way of telling someone to get out. Take a leaf out of someone's book If you take a leaf out of someone's book, you copy something they do because it will help you. Take a nosedive When things take a nosedive, they decline very quickly and head towards disaster. Take a punch If somebody takes a blow, something bad happens to them. Take a raincheck If you take a rain check, you decline an offer now, suggesting you will accept it later. ('Raincheck' is also used.) Take a straw poll If you take a straw poll, you sound a number of people out to see their opinions on an issue or topic. Take by the scruff of the neck If you take something by the scruff on the neck, you take complete control of it. Take for a test drive If you take something for a test driver, you try something to see if you like it. Take for granted If you take something for granted, you don't worry or think about it because you assume you will always have it. If you take someone for granted, you don't show your appreciation to them. Take forty winks If you take 40 winks, you have a short sleep. Take guts If something takes guts, it requires courage in the face of danger or great risk. It takes guts for firemen to enter a burning building to save someone. Take it in your stride If you take something in your stride, you deal with it even though it is difficult or unpleasant without letting it bother or upset you. Take it on the chin If you take something on the chin, something bad happens to you and you take it directly without fuss. Take no prisoners If people take no prisoners, they do things in a very aggressive way, without considering any harm they might do to achieve their objectives. Take sand to the beach Doing something that is completely pointless or unnecessary is like taking sand to the beach. Take someone down a peg If someone is taken down a peg (or taken down a peg or two), they lose status in the eyes of others because of something they have done wrong or badly. Take someone for a ride If you are taken for a ride, you are deceived by someone. Take someone to task If you take someone to task, you scold them for something they have done wrong. Take someone to the woodshed If someone is taken to the woodshed, they are punished for something they have done. Take someone under your wing If you take someone under your wing, you look after them while they are learning something. Take stock To assess a situation, to conduct a personal inventory of ones beliefs and values, etc. Take the biscuit (UK) If something takes the biscuit, it is the absolute limit. Take the bull by its horns Taking a bull by its horns would be the most direct but also the most dangerous way to try to compete with such an animal. When we use the phrase in everyday talk, we mean that the person we are talking about tackles their problems directly and is not worried about any risks involved. Take the chair If you take the chair, your become the chairman or chairwoman of a committee, etc. Take the fall If you tall the fall, you accept the blame and possibly the punishment for another's wrongdoing, with the implication that the true culprit, for political or other reasons, cannot be exposed as guilty (accompanied by a public suspicion that a reward of some sort may follow). Take the fifth (USA) If you do not want to answer a question you can take the fifth, meaning you are choosing not to answer. ('Plead the fifth' is also used.) Take the flak If you take the flak, you are strongly criticised for something.('Take flak' is also used.) Take the floor Start talking or giving a speech to a group Take the heat If you take the heat, you take the criticism or blame for something you didn't do, normally to protect the guilty person. Take the Mickey (UK) If you take the Mickey, you tease someone. ('Take the Mick' is also used.) Take the plunge If you take the plunge, you decide to do something or commit yourself even though you know there is an element of risk involved. Take the rough with the smooth People say that you have to take the rough with the smooth, meaning that you have to be prepared to accept the disadvantages as well of the advantages of something. Take to your heels If you take to your heels, you run away. Take up the torch If you take up the torch, you take on a challenge or responsibility, usually when someone else retires, or leaves an organisation, etc. Take your breath away If something takes your breath away, it astonishes or surprises you. Take your eye off the ball If someone takes their eye off the ball, they don't concentrate on something important that they should be looking at. Take your hat off If you say that you take your hat off to someone, you are showing your respect or admiration. Take your hat off to somebody If you take your hat off to someone, you acknowledge that they have done something exceptional or otherwise deserve your respect. Taken as read If something can be taken as read, it is so definite that it's not necessary to talk about it. Tale of the tape This idiom is used when comparing things, especially in sports; it comes from boxing where the fighters would be measured with a tape measure before a fight. Talk a blue streak (USA) If someone talks a blue streak, they speak quickly and at length. ('Talk up a blue streak' is also used.) Talk a glass eye to sleep Someone who could talk a glass eye to sleep is very boring and repetitive. Talk is cheap It's easy to talk about something but harder to actually do it. Talk nineteen to the dozen If someone talks very quickly, they talk nineteen to the dozen. Talk of the town When everybody is talking about particular people and events, they are he talk of the town. Talk out of the back of your head If someone is talking out of the back of their head, they are talking rubbish. Talk out of your hat If someone is talking out of their hat, they're talking utter rubbish, especially if compounded with total ignorance of the subject on which they are pontificating. ('Talk through your hat' is also used.) Talk shop If you talk shop, you talk about work matters, especially if you do this outside work. Talk the hind legs off a donkey A person who is excessively or extremely talkative can talk the hind legs off a donkey. Talk turkey When people talk turkey, they discuss something frankly. Talk your arm off Someone who talks so much that it is a strain to listen can talk your arm off. Talking to a brick wall If you talk to someone and they do not listen to you, it is like talking to a brick wall. Tall drink of water Someone who is very tall and slender is a tall drink of water. ('A tall glass of water' is also used.) Tall order Something that is likely to be hard to achieve or fulfil is a tall order. Tall story A tall story is one that is untrue and unbelievable. Tally ho! (UK) This is an exclamation used for encouragement before doing something difficult or dangerous. Tar baby A tar baby is a problem that gets worse when people try to sort it out. Tar with the same brush If people are tarred with the same brush, they are said to have the same set of attributes or faults as someone they are associated with. Taste blood If someone has tasted blood, they have achieved something and are encouraged to think that victory is within their grasp. Taste of your own medicine If you give someone a taste of their own medicine, you do something bad to someone that they have done to you to teach them a lesson. Teach your grandmother to suck eggs When people say 'don't teach your grandmother to suck eggs', they mean that people shouldn't try to teach someone who has experience or is an expert in that area. Teacher's pet The teacher's favorite pupil is the teacher's pet, especially if disliked by the other pupils. Tear your hair out If someone is tearing their hair out, they are extremely worried or agitated about something. Tears before bedtime (UK) This idiom is used when something seems certain to go wrong or cause trouble. Teeny-weeny If something is teensy-weensy, it is very small indeed.('Teeny-weeny' and 'teensie-weensie' are also used.) Teething problems (UK) The problems that a project has when it is starting are the teething problems. Tell them where the dog died (USA) If you tell them where the dog died, you strongly and sharply correct someone. Tempest in a teapot If people exaggerate the seriousness of a situation or problem, they are making a tempest in a teapot. Tempt providence If you tempt providence, you take a risk that may well have unpleasant consequences. ('Tempt fate' is also used.) Ten a penny (UK) If something is ten a penny, it is very common. ("Two a penny" is also used.) Test the waters If you test the waters, or test the water, you experiment to see how successful or acceptable something is before implementing it. That and 50 cents will buy you a cup of coffee (USA) This is used to describe something that is deemed worthless. "He's got a Ph.D. in Philosophy." "So? That and 50 cents will buy you a cup of coffee." That dog won't hunt (USA) Very common Southern US expression meaning: What you say makes no sense. That is the way the cookie crumbles "That's the way the cookie crumbles" means that things don't always turn out the way we want. That makes two of us A speaker says "that makes two of us" to indicate agreement with what another speaker just said. For example, I can say, "I wish I would win the lottery." A listener who says "That makes two of us" is indicating the he or she wants to win the lottery, too. That ship has sailed A particular opportunity has passed you by when that ship has sailed. That's all she wrote (USA) This idiom is used to show that something has ended and there is nothing more to say about something. The apple does not fall far from the tree Offspring grow up to be like their parents. The ball's in your court If somebody says this to you, they mean that it's up to you to decide or take the next step. The be all and end all The phrase 'The be all and end all' means that a something is the final, or ultimate outcome or result of a situation or event. The bigger they are, the harder they fall This idiom means that the more powerful have more to lose, so when they suffer something bad, it is worse for them. The common weal If something is done for the common weal, it is done in the interests and for the benefit of the majority or the general public. The grass is always greener This idiom means that what other people have or do looks preferable to our life. The complete phrase is 'The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence'. The line forms on the right Something's meaning is becoming clear when the line forms on the right. The more the merrier The more the merrier means that the greater the quantity or the bigger the number of something, the happier the speaker will be. The Mountie always gets his man (Canada) The Mounties are the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and they have a reputation for catching criminals they are after. The penny dropped When the penny drops, someone belatedly understands something that everyone else has long since understood. The plot thickens When the plot thickens, a situation become more complicated and difficult. The rough and tumble The rough and tumble refers to areas of life like business, sports, politics, etc, where competition is hard and people will take any advantage that they can. The sands of time The sands of time is an idiom meaning that time runs out either through something reaching an end or through a person's death. It comes from the sand used in hourglasses, an ancient way of measuring time. The short straw If you take the short straw, you lose a selection process, which means that you have to do something unpleasant. The sun might rise in the west When people say this, they mean that they don't expect something to happen. The whole shooting match Everything, the entire object, or all the related parts. The world and his wife If the world and his wife were somewhere, then huge numbers of people were present. Their bark is worse than their bite If someone's bark is worse than their bite, they get angry and shout and make threats, but don't actually do anything. There are many ways to skin a cat This is an expression meaning there are many different ways of doing the same thing. There's never a road without a turning No situation in life stays the same forever. There's no such thing as a free lunch This idiom means that you don't get things for free, so if something appears to be free, there's a catch and you'll have to pay in some way. There's the rub The meaning of this idiom is 'that's the problem'. Thick and fast If things are happening thick and fast, they are happening so fast they seemed to be joined together. Thick as mince (UK) If someone is as thick as mince, they are very stupid indeed. Thick as thieves If people are thick as thieves, they are very close friends who have no secrets from each other. Thick-skinned If a person is thick-skinned, they are not affected by criticism. Thin as a rake A rake is a garden tool with a long, thin, wooden handle, so someone very thin is thin as a rake. Thin blue line (UK) The thin blue line is a term for the police, suggesting that they stand between an ordered society and potential chaos. (Police uniforms are blue.) Thin end of the wedge The thin end of the wedge is something small and seemingly unimportant that will lead to something much bigger and more serious. Thin line If there's a thin line between things, it's hard to distinguish them- there's a thin line between love and hate. Thin-skinned If somebody is thin-skinned, they are very sensitive to any sort of criticism. Think outside the box If you think outside the box, you think in an imaginative and creative way. Think the world of To hold something or someone in very high esteem. To love or admire immensely. Third degree If someone is given the third degree, they are put under a great deal of pressure and intimidation to force them to tell the truth about something. Third rail The third rail of something is dangerous to alter or change. Originally, the third rail is the one carrying the electricity for a train. Third time's the charm This is used when the third time one tries something, one achieves a successful outcome. Thorn in your side A thorn in your side is someone or something that causes trouble or makes life difficult for you. Those who live by the sword die by the sword This means that violent people will be treated violently themselves. Three sheets in the wind (UK) Someone who is three sheets in the wind is very drunk. ('Three sheets to the wind' is also used. 'Seven sheets' is an alternative number used.) Three sheets to the wind If someone is three sheets to the wind, they are drunk. Thrilled to bits If you are thrilled to bits, you are extremely pleased or excited about something. Through gritted teeth If you do something through gritted teeth, you accept or agree with it against your will and it is obvious to others how you really feel. Through the ceiling If prices go through the ceiling, they rise very quickly. Through the floor If prices go, or fall, through the floor, they fall very quickly. Through thick and thin If someone supports you through thick and thin, they support you during good times and bad. Throw a curve (USA) If you throw someone a curve, you surprise them with something they find difficult to deal with. ('Throw' a curveball' is also used.) Throw a monkey wrench into the works (USA) If you throw a monkey wrench into the works, you ensure that something fails. Throw a sickie If you pretend to be ill to take a day off work or school, you throw a sickie. Throw caution to the wind When people throw caution to the wind, they take a great risk. Throw down the gauntlet Throw down the gauntlet is to issue a challenge to somebody. Throw in the towel If you throw in the towel, you admit that you are defeated or cannot do something. Throw pearls to the pigs Someone that throws pearls to pigs is giving someone else something they don't deserve or appreciate. ('Throw pearls before pigs' and 'Cast pearls before swine' are also used.) Throw someone a bone If you throw someone a bone, you give them a small reward or some kind words to make them feel good even if they've not really contributed much. Throw someone a line If someone throws you a line, they give you help when you are in serious difficulties. Throw someone in at the deep end If you are thrown in at the deep end, you have to deal with serious issues the moment you start something like a job, instead of having time to acquire experience. Throw someone to the wolves If someone is thrown to the wolves, they are abandoned and have to face trouble without any support. Throw someone under the bus To throw someone under the bus is to get the person in trouble either by placing blame on that person or not standing up for him. Throw the baby out with the bath water If you get rid of useful things when discarding inessential things, you throw the baby out with the bath water. Throw the book at someone If you throw the book at someone, you punish them as severely as possible. Throw your hat in the ring If someone throws their hat in the ring, they announce that they want to take part in a competition or contest. 'Toss your hat in the ring' is an alternative. Throw your toys out of the pram To make an angry protest against a relatively minor problem, in the process embarrassing the protester. The analogy is with a baby who throws toys out of the pram in order to get their parent to pay attention to them. The implication in the idiom is that the protester is acting like a baby. Throw your weight around If someone throws their weight around, they use their authority or force of personality to get what they want in the face of opposition. Thumb your nose at If you thumb your nose at something, you reject it or scorn it. Thumbs down & thumbs up If something gets the thumbs up, it gets approval, while the thumbs down means disapproval. Tickle your fancy If something tickles your fancy, it appeals to you and you want to try it or have it. Tickled pink If you are very pleased about something, you are tickled pink. Tidy desk, tidy mind A cluttered or disorganised environment will affect your clarity of thought. Organised surroundings and affairs will allow for clearer thought organisation. Tie the knot When people tie the knot, they get married. Tied to your mother's apron strings Describes a child (often a boy) who is so used to his mother's care that he (or she) cannot do anything on his (or her) own. Tight rein If things or people are kept on a tight rein, they are given very little freedom or controlled carefully. Tight ship If you run a tight ship, you control something strictly and don't allow people much freedom of action. Tighten your belt If you have to tighten your belt, you have to economise. Till the cows come home This idioms means 'for a very long time'. ('Until the cows come home' is also used.) Till the pips squeak If someone will do something till the pips squeak, they will do it to the limit, even though it will make other people suffer. Till you're blue in the face If you do something till you're blue in the face, you do it repeatedly without achieving the desired result until you're incredibly frustrated. Tilt at windmills A person who tilts at windmills, tries to do things that will never work in practice. Time and again If something happens time and again, it happens repeatedly. ('Time and time again' is also used.) Time and tide wait for no man This is used as a way of suggestion that people should act without delay. Time does sail This idioms means that time passes by unnoticed. Time flies This idiom means that time moves quickly and often unnoticed. Time is on my side If time is on your side, you have the luxury of not having to worry about how long something will take. Time of your life If you're having the time of your life, you are enjoying yourself very much indeed. Time-honoured practice A time-honoured practice is a traditional way of doing something that has become almost universally accepted as the most appropriate or suitable way. Tip of the iceberg The tip of the iceberg is the part of a problem that can be seen, with far more serious problems lying underneath. Tipping point Small changes may have little effect until they build up to critical mass, then the next small change may suddenly change everything. this is the tipping point. Tired and emotional (UK) This idiom is a euphemism used to mean 'drunk', especially when talking about politicians. Tit for tat If someone responds to an insult by being rude back, it's tit for tat- repaying something negative the same way. To a fault If something does something to a fault, they do it excessively. So someone who is generous to a fault is too generous. To a man If a group of people does, believes, thinks, etc, something to a man, then they all do it. To a T If something is done to a T, it is done perfectly. To all intents and purposes This means in all the most important ways. To be as thick as two bricks Someone who is as thick as two bricks is really stupid. To be dog cheap If something's dog cheap, it is very cheap indeed. To err is human, to forgive divine This idiom is used when someone has done something wrong, suggesting that they should be forgiven. To have the courage of your convictions If you have the courage of your convictions, you are brave enough to do what you feel is right, despite any pressure for you to do something different. To little avail If something is to little avail, it means that, despite great efforts, something ended in failure, but taking comfort from the knowledge that nothing else could have been done to avert or avoid the result. To the end of time To the end of time is an extravagant way of saying 'forever'. Toe the line If someone toes the line, they follow and respect the rules and regulations. Tomorrow's another day This means that things might turn out better or that there might be another opportunity in the future. Tongue in cheek If something is tongue in cheek, it isn't serious or meant to be taken seriously. Too big for your boots If someone is too big for their boots, they are conceited and have an exaggerated sense of their own importance. Too big for your britches If someone is too big for their britches, they are conceited and have an exaggerated sense of their own importance. Too many chiefs and not enough Indians When there are too many chiefs and not enough Indians, there are two many managers and not enough workers to work efficiently. Too many cooks spoil the broth This means that where there are too many people trying to do something, they make a mess of it. Too many irons in the fire This means juggling too many projects at once and something's bound to fail; when a smith had too many irons in his fire, he couldn't effectively keep track of all of them. Toot you own horn If someone toot their own horn, they like to boast about their achievements. Top dog The most important or influential person is the top dog. Top notch If something is top notch, it's excellent, of the highest quality or standard. Touch and go If something is touch and go, the result is uncertain and could be good or bad. Touch base If you touch base with someone, you contact them. Touch wood This idiom is used to wish for good luck. ('Knock on wood' is also used.) Touch-and-go If something is touch-and-go, it is very uncertain; if someone is ill and may well die, then it is touch-and-go. Tough as old boots Something or someone that is as tough as old boots is strong and resilient. Tough cookie A tough cookie is a person who will do everything necessary to achieve what they want. Tough luck Tough luck is bad luck. Tough nut to ***** If something is a tough nut to *****, it is difficult to find the answer or solution. When used about a person, it means that it is difficult to get them to do or allow what you want. 'Hard nut to *****' is an alternative. Tough row to hoe (USA) A tough row to hoe is a situation that is difficult to handle. ('A hard row to hoe' is an alternative form.) Trade barbs If people trade barbs, they insult or attack each other. Traf****ed If you are traf****ed, you are stuck in heavy traffic and get where you need to be. Trail your coat If you trail your coat, you act in a provocative way. Train of thought A train of thought is a sequence of thoughts, especially when you are talking to someone and you forget what you were going to say. Tread on someone's toes If you tread on someone's toes, you upset them, especially if you do something that they should be in charge of. Tread the boards When someone treads the boards, they perform on stage in a theatre. Tread water If someone is treading water, they are making no progress. Tried and tested If a method has been tried and tested, it is known to work or be effective because it has been successfully used long enough to be trusted. True blue A person who is true blue is loyal and dependable, someone who can be relied on in all circumstances. True colours If someone shows their true colours, they show themselves as they really are. ('True colors' is the American spelling.) Trump card A trump card is a resource or strategy that is held back for use at a crucial time when it will beat rivals or opponents. Truth will out Truth will out means that, given time, the facts of a case will emerge no matter how people might try to conceal them. Tug at the heartstrings f something tugs at the heartstrings, it makes you feel sad or sympathetic towards it. Turf war If people or organisations are fighting for control of something, it is a turf war. Turn a blind eye When people turn a blind eye, they deliberately ignore something, especially if people are doing something wrong. Turn a deaf ear If someone turns a deaf ear to you, they don't listen to you. Turn a new leaf If someone turns a new leaf, they change their behaviour and stop doing wrong or bad things. Turn something on its head If you turn something on its head, you turn it upside down or reverse it. Turn the corner To get over a bad run. When a loss making venture ceases to make losses, it has "turned the corner". Turn the ***** (Scot) If you turn the *****, you change the subject of a conversation. Turn the other cheek If you turn the other cheek, you are humble and do not retaliate or get outwardly angry when someone offends or hurts you, in fact, you give them the opportunity to re-offend instead and compound their unpleasantness. Turn the tables If circumstances change completely, giving an advantage to those who seemed to be losing, the tables are turned. Turn turtle If something turns turtle, it turns upside down. Turn up like a bad penny If someone turns up like a bad penny, they go somewhere where they are not wanted. Turn up one's toes to the daisies If someone has turned up their toes to the daisies, it means that the person died. Turn water into wine If someone turns water into wine, they transform something bad into something excellent. Turn your nose up If someone turns their nose up at something, they reject it or look odwn on it because they don't think it is good enough for them. Turn-up for the books A turn-up for the books is an unexpected or surprising event. Twenty-four seven Twenty-four seven or 24/7 means all the time, coming from 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Twinkling of an eye If something happens in the twinkling of an eye, it happens very quickly. Twist someone's arm If you twist someone's arm, you put pressure on them to try to make them do what you want them to do. Twisting in the wind If you are twisting in the wind, you are without help or support - you are on your own. Two cents If you add or throw in your two cents, you give your opinion on an issue. Two heads are better than one When two people work together more things get accomplished. Two left feet A person with two left feet can't dance. Two peas in a pod If things or people are like two peas in a pod, they look very similar or are always together. Two sides of the same coin If two things are two sides of the same coin, there is much difference between them. Two-edged sword If someone uses an argument that could both help them and harm them, then they are using a two-edged sword sword; it cuts both ways. Two-faced Someone who is two-faced will say one thing to your face and another when you're not there.
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لاإله إلا الله محمد رسول الله |
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~ U ~
U-turn
If a government changes its position radically on an issue, especially when they have promised not to do so, this is a U-turn. Ugly as a stick (USA) If someone is as ugly as a stick, they are very ugly indeed. Ugly duckling An ugly duckling is a child who shows little promise, but who develops later into a real talent or beauty. Uncalled for If someone does something bad and unnecessary without consideration for anothers feelings, what they do is uncalled for. Uncharted waters If you're in uncharted waters, you are in a situation that is unfamiliar to you, that you have no experience of and don't know what might happen. ('Unchartered waters' is an incorrect form that is a common mistake.) Uncle Sam (USA) Uncle Sam is the government of the USA. Under a cloud If someone is suspected of having done something wrong, they are under a cloud. Under a flag of convenience If a ship sails under a flag of convenience, it is registered in a country where taxes, etc, are lower than in the country it comes from, so if someone does something under a flag of convenience, they attempt to avoid regulations and taxes by a similar means. Under false colours If someone does something under false colours/colors, they pretend to be something they are not in order to deceive people so that they can succeed. Under fire If someone is being attacked and cricitised heavily, they are under fire. Under lock and key If something is under lock and key, it is stored very securely. Under someone's heel If you are under someone's heel, they have complete control over you. Under the radar If something slips under the radar, it isn't detected or noticed. Under the table Bribes or illegal payments are often described as money under the table. Under the weather If you are feeling a bit ill, sad or lack energy, you are under the weather. Under the wire (USA) If a person does something under the wire, they do it at the last possible moment. Under your belt If you have something under your belt, you have already achieved or experienced it and it will probably be of benefit to you in the future. Under your breath If you say something under your breath, you whisper or say it very quietly. Under your nose If something happens right in front of you, especially if it is surprising or audacious, it happens under your nose. Under your skin If someone gets under your skin, they really annoy you. Under your thumb Someone who is manipulated or controlled by another person is under his or her thumb. Uneasy lies the head that wears the crown This means that people with serious responsibilities have a heavy burden. Unwavering loyalty Unwavering loyalty does not question or doubt the person or issue and supports them completely. Up a gum tree (AU) If you're up a gum tree, you're in trouble or a big mess. Up a river without a paddle If you up a river without a paddle, you are in an unfortunate situation, unprepared and with none of the resources to remedy the matter. Up for grabs If something is up for grabs, it is available and whoever is first or is successful will get it. Up in the air If a matter is up in the air, no decision has been made and there is uncertainty about it. Up sticks (UK) If you up sticks, you leave somewhere, usually permanently and without warning- he upped sticks and went to work abroad. Up the ante If you up the ante, you increase the importance or value of something, especially where there's an element of risk as the term comes from gambling, where it means to increase the stake (the amount of money bet). Up the creek If someone or something is up the creek, they are in real trouble. 'Up the creek without a paddle' is an alternative, and 'up shit creek (without a paddle)' is a ruder form. Up the duff (UK) If a woman is up the duff, she's pregnant. Up the spout (UK) If something has gone up the spout, it has gone wrong or been ruined. Up the stick (UK) If a woman is up the stick, she's pregnant. Up the wall If someone goes up the wall, they get very angry. Up the wooden hill When you go up the wooden hill, you go up the stairs to bed. Up to scratch If something doesn't come up to scratch, it doesn't meet the standard required or expected. Up to snuff If something isn't up to snuff, it doesn't meet the standard expected. Up to speed If you bring someone up to speed, you update them on something. Up to the eyes You you are up to your eyes in something, you are deeply involved or to have too much of something like work. ('Up the neck', 'up to the eyeballs' and 'up to the ears' are also used.) Up to the neck If someone's in something up to the neck, they are very involved in it, especially when it's something wrong. Up to your eyes When you've got too much work to do, you're up to your eyes in it. Up to your neck If someone is very involved in something, they are up to their neck in it, especially if it is something bad or immoral. Up with the lark If you get up very early, you're up with the lark. Upper crust The upper crust are the upper classes and the establishment. Upper hand If you have the upper hand, you have the advantage. Upset the apple cart If you upset the apple cart, you cause trouble and upset people.
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لاإله إلا الله محمد رسول الله |
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~ V ~
Vale of tears
This vale of tears is the world and the suffering that life brings. Velvet glove This idiom is used to describe a person who appears gentle, but is determined and inflexible underneath. ('Iron fist in a velvet glove' is the full form.) Vent your spleen If someone vents their spleen, they release all their anger about something. Vicar of Bray (UK) A person who changes their beliefs and principles to stay popular with people above them is a Vicar of Bray Vicious circle A vicious circle is a sequence of events that make each other worse- someone drinks because they are unhappy at work, then loses their job... 'Vicious cycle' is also used. Virgin territory If something is virgin territory, it hasn't been explored before. Volte-face If you do a volte-face on something, you make a sudden and complete change in your stance or position over an issue.
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لاإله إلا الله محمد رسول الله |
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~ W ~
Wag the dog
To 'wag the dog' means to purposely divert attention from what would otherwise be of greater importance, to something else of lesser significance. By doing so, the lesser-significant event is catapulted into the limelight, drowning proper attention to what was originally the more important issue.The expression comes from the saying that 'a dog is smarter than its tail', but if the tail were smarter, then the tail would 'wag the dog'. The expression 'wag the dog' was elaborately used as theme of the movie. 'Wag the Dog', a 1997 film starring Robert de Niro and Dustin Hoffman, produced and directed by Barry Levinson. Wait for a raindrop in the drought When someone is waiting for a raindrop in the drought, they are waiting or hoping for something that is extremely unlikely to happen. Waiting in the wings If someone is waiting in the wings, or in the wings, they are in the background, but nearby, ready to act on short notice. Wake up and smell the coffee When someone doesn't realise what is really happening or is not paying enough attention to events around them, you can tell them to wake up and smell the coffee. Wake-up call A wake-up call is a warning of a threat or a challenge, especially when it means that people will have to change their behaviour to meet it. Walk a fine line If you have to walk a fine line, you have to be very careful not to annoy or anger people or groups that are competing. ('Walk a thin line' is an alternative.) Walk a mile in my shoes This idiom means that you should try to understand someone before criticising them. Walk a tightrope If you walk a tightrope, you have to be very careful not to annoy or anger people who could become enemies. Walk in the park An undertaking that is easy is a walk in the park. The opposite is also true - "no walk in the park". Walk on eggshells If you have to walk on eggshells when with someone, you have to be very careful because they get angry or offended very easily.('Walk on eggs' is also used.) Walk the green mile Someone or something that is walking the green mile is heading towards the inevitable. Walk the plank If someone walks the plank, they are going toward their own destruction or downfall Walking encyclopedia A very knowledgeable person is a walking encyclopedia. Walking on air If you are walking on air, you are so happy that you feel as if you could float. Walking on broken glass When a person is punished for something. e.g. 'She had me walking on broken glass.' Walking time-bomb A person whose behaviour is erratic and totally unpredictable is a walking time-bomb. Wallflower (UK) A woman politician given an unimportant government position so that the government can pretend it takes women seriously is a wallflower. War chest A war chest is a fund that can be used to finance a campaign like and election or for use in emergencies or unexpected times of difficulty. War of words A war of words is a bitter argument between people or organisations, etc. Warm and fuzzy Meaning the feeling evoked as though you were enclosed in a warm and fuzzy blanket. Warm the cockles of your heart If something warms the cockles of your heart, it makes you feel happy. Warpath If someone is on the warpath, they are very angry about something and will do anything to get things sorted the way they want. Warts and all If you like someone warts and all, you like them with all their faults. Wash your hands of something If you wash your hands of something, you disassociate yourself and accept no responsibility for what will happen. Waste not, want not If you don't waste things, you are less likely to end up lacking. Waste of skin If a person is referred to as a 'waste of skin', it means he is not worth very much. Watch grass grow If something is like watching grass grow, it is really boring. Watch your six (USA) This idiom means that you should look behind you for dangers coming that you can't see. Watching paint dry If something is like watching paint dry, it is really boring. Water off a duck's back If criticism or something similar is like water off a duck's back to somebody, they aren't affected by it in the slightest. Water over the dam (USA) If something has happened and cannot be changed, it is water over the dam. Water under the bridge If something belongs to the past and isn't important or troubling any more, it is water under the bridge. Watering hole (UK) A watering hole is a pub. Watery grave If someone has gone to a watery grave, they have drowned. Weak at the knees If people go weak at the knees, they have a powerful emotional reaction to something and feel that they might fall over. Wear sackcloth and ashes If someone displays their grief or contrition publicly, they wear sackcloth and ashes. Wear your heart on your sleeve Someone who wears their heart on their sleeve shows their emotions and feelings publicly. Weather a storm If you weather a storm, you get through a crisis or hard times. Wedge politics (USA) In wedge politics, one party uses an issue that they hope will divide members of a different party to create conflict and weaken it. Weight off your shoulders If something is a weight off your shoulders, you have relieved yourself of a burden, normally a something that has been troubling you or worrying you. Well-heeled Someone who is well-heeled is rich. Well-oiled If someone is well-oiled, they have drunk a lot. Well-oiled machine Something that functions very well is a well-oiled machine. Were you born in a barn? If someone asks you this, it means that you forgot to close the door when you came in. Wet behind the ears Someone who is wet behind the ears is either very young or inexperienced. Wet blanket A wet blanket is someone who tries to spoil other people's fun. Wet your whistle If you are thirsty and have an alcoholic drink, you wet your whistle. "Whet your whistle" is also used. Whale of a time If you have a whale of a time, you really enjoy yourself. What can sorry do? This means that it is not enough to apologise. What can you expect from a hog but a grunt? (USA) This means that you can't expect people to behave in a way that is not in their character- a 'hog' is a 'pig', so an unrefined person can't be expected to behave in a refined way. What does that have to do with the price of tea in China? This idiom is often used when someone says something irrelevant to the topic being discussed. What goes around comes around This saying means that of people do bad things to other people, bad things will happen to them. What goes around, comes around The good or bad you do to others is requited. What will be will be The expression what will be will be is used to describe the notion that fate will decide the outcome of a course of events, even if action is taken to try to alter it. What's cooking? When you ask what's cooking it means you want to know what's happening. What's good for the goose is good for the gander This idiom means that the ***es should be treated the same way and not be subjected to different standards. What's up? This can be used to ask 'What's wrong?' or 'How are you?'. What's your poison? This is a way of asking someone what they would like to drink, especially alcohol. What's your take on that? This idiom is way of asking someone for their opinion and ideas. Whatever floats your boat When people say this, they mean that you should do whatever makes you happy. Wheels fall off When the wheels fall off something, it goes wrong or fails. ('Wheels come off' is an alternative.) When hell freezes over An impossible or very unlikely situation or event When in Rome, do as the Romans do This idiom means that when you are visiting a different place or culture, you should try to follow their customs and practices. When it rains, it pours This idiom means that when things go wrong, a lot of things go wrong at the same time. When pigs fly Meaning you will not get something when you want it or someone doesn't want something for you. say you are selling an item and some one doesn't want it. they might say 'I'll buy it when pigs fly'. it just means you will never get someone to say yes to you when you ask for something. When the chickens come home to roost When a person pays dearly for something bad he or she did in the past, the chickens come home to roost. Where the rubber meets the road (USA) Where the rubber meets the road is the most important point for something, the moment of truth. An athlete can train all day, but the race is where the rubber meets the road and they'll know how good they really are. Where there's a will, there's a way This idiom means that if people really want to do something, they will manage to find a way of doing it. Where there's muck, there's brass You can make money doing dirty jobs nobody else wants to do. "Where there's muck, there's money" is also used. Where there's smoke, there's fire When there is an indication or sign of something bad, usually the indication is correct. Whet your appetite If something whets your appetite, it interests you and makes you want more of it. Which came first the chicken or the egg? This idiomatic expression is used when it is not clear who or what caused something. While the cat's away, the mouse will play People whose behaviour is strictly controlled go over the top when the authority is not around, which is why most teenagers have parties when their parents have gone on holiday. The parents are the scary authority figures, but the cat's away and the kids are the mice partying and enjoying their freedom. Whistle for it If someone says that you can whistle for something, they are determined to ensure that you don't get it. Whistle-stop tour A whistle-stop tour is when someone visits a number of places quickly, not stopping for long. Whistling Dixie (USA) If someone is whistling Dixie, they talk about things in a more positive way than the reality. Whistling in the dark If someone is whistling in the dark, they believe in a positive result, even though everybody else is sure it will not happen. Whistling past the graveyard (USA) If someone is whistling past the graveyard, they are trying to remain cheerful in difficult circumstances. ('Whistling past the cemetery' is also used.) White as a sheet A bad shock can make somebody go as white as a sheet. White as snow If something or someone is as white as snow, they are perfect or completely uncorrupted and honest. White elephant A white elephant is an expensive burden; something that costs far too much money to run, like the Millennium Dome in the UK. White feather If someone shows a white feather, they are cowards. White lie If you tell a white lie, you lie in order not to hurt someone's feelings. White-bread If something is white-bread, it is very ordinary, safe and boring. Who wears the pants? (USA) The person who wears the pants in a relationship is the dominant person who controls things. Who wears the trousers? (UK) The person who wears the trousers in a relationship is the dominant person who controls things. Who will ring the bell? 'Who will ring the bell?' asks who will assume the responsibility to help us out of a difficult situation. Whole ball of wax (USA) The whole ball of wax is everything. Whole kit and caboodle The whole kit and caboodle means 'everything' required or involved in something. ('Kaboodle' is an alternative spelling.) Whole new ball game If something's a whole new ball game, it is completely new or different. Whole nine yards The whole nine yards means means everything that is necessary or required for something. Whole shebang The whole shebang includes every aspect of something. Why buy the cow when you can get the milk for free This idiom is usually used to refer to men who don't want to get married, when they can get all the benefits of marriage without getting married. Why keep a dog and bark yourself? There's no need to do something yourself when you have somebody to do it for you, usually trivial matters. Wide berth If you give someone a wide berth, you keep yourself well away from them because they are dangerous. Wide of the mark If something is wide of the mark, it is inaccurate or incorrect. Wild goose chase A wild goose chase is a waste of time- time spent trying to do something unsuccessfully. Will never fly If an idea or project, etc, will never fly, it has no chance of succeeding. Will-o'-the-wisp Something that deceives by its appearance is a will-o’-the-wisp; it looks good, but turns out to be a disappointment. Win by a nose If somebody wins by a nose, they only just beat the others. Window dressing If something is done to pretend to be dealing with an issue or problem, rather than actually dealing with it, it is window dressing. Window to the soul Eyes are sometimes referred to as the window to the soul. Wing and a prayer If you do something on a wing and a prayer, you try to do something and hope you'll succeed even though you have very little chance of success. Winner takes all If everything goes to the winner, as in an election, the winner takes all. Wipe the floor with (UK) If you wipe the floor with someone, you destroy the arguments or defeat them easily. Wipe the smile of someone's face If you wipe the smile of someone's face, you do something to make someone feel less pleased with themselves. With a heavy hand If someone does something with a heavy hand, they do it in a strict way, exerting a lot of control. With child (UK) If a woman's with child, she's pregnant. With flying colours (colors) If you pass something with flying colours (colors), you pass easily, with a very high mark or grade. With friends like that, who needs enemies? This expression is used when people behave badly or treat someone badly that they are supposed to be friends with. Wither on the vine If something withers on the vine, it fails to get the intended result, doesn't come to fruition. Within a whisker If you come within a whisker of doing something, you very nearly manage to do it but don't succeed. Without a hitch If something happens without a hitch, nothing at all goes wrong. Woe betide you This is used to wish that bad things will happen to someone, usually because of their bad behaviour. Woe is me This means that you are sad or in a difficult situation. It's archaic, but still used. Wolf in sheep's clothing A wolf in sheep's clothing is something dangerous that looks quite safe and innocent. Wood for the trees (UK) If someone can't see the wood for the trees, they get so caught up in small details that they fail to understand the bigger picture. Word of mouth If something becomes known by word of mouth, it is because people are talking about it, not through publicity, etc. Word of the law The word of the law means that the law is interpreted in an absolutely literal way which goes against the ideas that the lawmakers had wished to implement. Words fail me If words fail you, you can't find the words to express what you are trying to say. Work like a charm If something works like a charm, it works perfectly. Work like a dog If you work like a dog, you work very hard. Work the system If people work the system, they exploit the state or simialr setup to their advantage. Work your fingers to the bone If you work your fingers to the bone, you work extremely hard on something. Work your socks off If you work your socks off, you work very hard. Work your tail off If you work your tail off, you work extremely hard. World at your feet If everything is going well and the future looks full of opportunity, you have the world at your feet. World is your oyster When the world is your oyster, you are getting everything you want from life. Worm information If you worm information out of somebody, you persuade them to tell you something they wanted to keep from you. Worm's eye view A worm's eye view of something is the view from below, either physically or socially. Worse for wear If something's worse for wear, it has been used for a long time and, consequently, isn't in very good condition. A person who's worse for wear is drunk or high on drugs and looking rough. Worse things happen at sea This idiomatic expression is used as a way of telling someone not to worry so much about their problems. Worth a shot If something is worth a shot, it is worth trying as there is some chance of success. Worth your salt Someone who is worth their salt deserves respect. Wouldn't touch it with a bargepole (UK) If you wouldn't touch something with a bargepole, you would not consider being involved under any circumstances. (In American English, people say they wouldn't touch it with a ten-foot pole) Wouldn't touch it with a ten-foot pole (USA) If you wouldn't touch something with a ten-foot pole, you would not consider being involved under any circumstances. (In British English, people say they wouldn't touch it with a bargepole) Wrap yourself in the flag If someone wraps themselves in the flag, they pretend to be doing something for patriotic reasons or out of loyalty, but their real motives are selfish. ('Drape yourself in the flag' is an alternative form of this idiom) Wrench in the works (USA) If someone puts or throws a wrench, or monkey wrench, in the works, they ruin a plan. In British English, 'spanner' is used instead of 'wrench'. Writ large If something is writ large, it is emphasised or highlighted. Writing on the wall If the writing's on the wall for something, it is doomed to fail. Written all over your face If someone has done something wrong or secret, but cannot hide it in their expression, it is written all over their face. Written in stone If something is written in stone, it is permanent and cannot be changed. Wrong end of the stick If someone has got the wrong end of the stick, they have misunderstood what someone has said to them. Wrong foot If you start something on the wrong foot, you start badly.
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لاإله إلا الله محمد رسول الله |
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~ X ~
X factor
The dangers for people in the military that civilians do not face, for which they receive payment, are known as the X factor. X marks the spot This is used to say where something is located or hidden. X-rated If something is x-rated, it is not suitable for children.
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لاإله إلا الله محمد رسول الله |
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~ Y ~
Yah boo sucks
Yah boo & yah boo sucks can be used to show that you have no sympathy with someone. Yank my chain If some one says this to another person (i.e. stop yanking my chain) it means for the other person to leave the person who said it alone and to stop bothering them. Yellow press The yellow press is a term for the popular and sensationalist newspapers. Yellow streak If someone has a yellow streak, they are cowardly about something. Yellow-bellied A yellow-bellied person is a coward. Yen If you have a yen to do something, you have a desire to do it. Yeoman's service (UK) To do yeoman's service is to serve in an exemplary manner. Yes-man Someone who always agrees with people in authority is a yes-man. Yesterday's man or Yesterday's woman Someone, especially a politician or celebrity, whose career is over or on the decline is yesterday's man or woman. You are what you eat This is used to emphasise the importance of a good diet as a key to good health. You can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar This means that it is easier to persuade people if you use polite arguments and flattery than if you are confrontational. You can choose your friends, but you can't choose your family Some things you can choose, but others you cannot, so you have to try to make the best of what you have where you have no choice. You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make it drink This idiom means you can offer something to someone, like good advice, but you cannot make them take it. You can say that again If you want to agree strongly with what someone has said, you can say 'You can say that again' as a way of doing so. You can't fight City Hall This phrase is used when one is so cynical that one doesn't think one can change their Representatives. The phrase must have started with frustration towards a local body of government. You can't have cake and the topping, too (USA) This idiom means that you can't have everything the way you want it, especially if your desires are contradictory. You can't have your cake and eat it This idiom means that you can't have things both ways. For example, you can't have very low taxes and a high standard of state care. You can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear If something isn't very good to start with, you can't do much to improve it. You can't make an omelette without breaking eggs This idiom means that in order to achieve something or make progress, there are often losers in the process. You can't take it with you Enjoy life, enjoy what you have and don't worry about not having a lot, especially money...because once you're dead, 'you can't take it with you.' For some, it means to use up all you have before you die because it's no use to you afterwards. You can't unring a bell This means that once something has been done, you have to live with the consequences as it can't be undone. You could have knocked me down with a feather This idiom is used to mean that the person was very shocked or surprised. You do not get a dog and bark yourself (UK) If there is someone in a lower position who can or should do a task, then you shouldn't do it. You get what you pay for Something that is very low in price is not usually of very good quality. You reap what you sow This means that if you do bad things to people, bad things will happen to you, or good things if you do good things. It is normally used when someone has done something bad. You said it! Used to say you agree completely with something just said. You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours This idiom means that if you do something for me, I'll return the favour. You what? This is a very colloquial way of expressing surprise or disbelief at something you have heard. It can also be used to ask someone to say something again. You're toast If someone tells you that you are toast, you are in a lot of trouble. You've got rocks in your head (USA) Someone who has acted with a lack of intelligence has rocks in their head. You've made your bed- you'll have to lie in it This means that someone will have to live with the consequences of their own actions. Young blood Young people with new ideas and fresh approaches are young blood. Young Turk A Young Turk is a young person who is rebellious and difficult to control in a company, team or organisation. Your belly button is bigger than your stomach If your belly button is bigger than your stomach, you take on more responsibilities than you can handle. Your call If something is your call, it is up to you to make a decision on the matter. Your name is mud If someone's name is mud, then they have a bad reputation. Your sins will find you out This idiom means that things you do wrong will become known.
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لاإله إلا الله محمد رسول الله |
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~ Z ~
Zero hour
The time when something important is to begin is zero hour. Zero tolerance If the police have a zero tolerance policy, they will not overlook any crime, no matter how small or trivial. Zigged before you zagged If you did things in the wrong order, you zigged before you zagged. Zip it This is used to tell someone to be quiet. Zip your lip If someone tells you to zip your lip, they want to to shut up or keep quiet about something. ('Zip it' is also used.) ![]()
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لاإله إلا الله محمد رسول الله |
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وبكدة اكون خلصت على كل المصطلحات ارجو ان تكون مفيدة لحضراتكم ولتمنى للجميع التوفيق
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لاإله إلا الله محمد رسول الله |
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مفيدة وبس دي عظمة جزاك الله خير
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رررررررررررررررررررائع
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العلامات المرجعية |
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