M تستخدم unless بدلا من if في النفي ولها نفس القواعد .
he
had worked hard, he
would have passed the exam.
(Unless)
¶ Unless he
had worked hard, he
wouldn't have passed the exam.
¶ Unless he
had worked hard, he
would have failed the exam.
يمكن استخدام incase of بدلا من if في الإثبات ويأتي بعدها اسم أو فعل + ing .
¶ If you are strong, you will defeat your enemy.
¶ Incase of
being strong, you will defeat your enemy.
¶ Incase of
your strength, you will defeat your enemy.
يمكن استخدام without, but for بدلا من if في النفي.
¶ If I
don't finish early, I won't go home early.
(Without)
¶ Unless I
finish early, I won't go home early.
(Without)
¶ Without finishing early, I won't go home early.
لاحظ انه يمكن استخدام without, but for بدلا من if والفعل بعدها منفي أو بدلا من unless والفعلبعدها مثبت .
يمكن استخدام if it weren't for بدلا من without في الحالة الثانية.
hard work, he wouldn't pass the exam.
¶ If it weren't for hard work, he wouldn't pass the exam.
يمكن استخدام if it hadn't been for بدلا من without في الحالة الثالثة.
Without + اســم would have + p. p
If it hadn't been for + اســـم would have + p. p
¶ Without hard work, he wouldn't pass the exam.
¶If it hadn't been for hard work, he wouldn't have passed the exam