if بكل الحالات والشواز

[ابن سيناء]

If 1
If مضارع بسيط ( فعل الشرط ) (جواب الشرط) will +inf
الحالة الوحيدة التى تعبر عن واقع (فى الحاضر او المستقبل)
If you come early you will meet me. لا توجد استحالة هنا
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if past simple , would + inf

الماضى هنا يطلق عليه الماضى الغير حقيقى لانه لا يعبرعن الماضى
بل ان الماضى يستخدم للدلالة على ان مايتم افتراضه عكس الواقع
example
If I had enough money I would buy a car.
This means I will not buy a car as I do not have enough money.
انا لن اشترى السيارة لاننى لا املك المال الكافى
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if had + p.p , would have + p.p

هذه الحالة هى الوحيدة التى تعبر عن الماضى (عكس ما حدث)
If I had had enough money I would have bought a car.
This means I did not buy a car as I did not have enough money.
انا لم اشترى
لذلك لم يكن لدى المال الكافى
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if present simple , prsent simple

هذه الحالة تعبر عن حقيقة علمية ويفضل ان تكون فى حالة المبنى للمجهول
If water is boiled it evaporates.
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دون احداث تغيير if كلمات تعمل عمل
If =provided=provided that=providing=as long as=in case
If you study hard you will succeed.
If هنا يمكن وضع اى كلمة من هذه الكلمات مكان مع احداث تغيير if كلمات تعمل عمل
In case of + noun or verb+ing
( جواب الشرط )
In case of studying hard you will succeed.
= If you study hard you will succeed.
In case of her cleverness she would answer the question. 2
= If she were (was) clever she would answer the question.
= She is not clever so she can not answer the question.
In case of having little money I would not have bought the present.
= If I had had little money,I would not have bought the present.
= I did not have little money so I bought the present.
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Without=But for بدون + noun or verb+ ing
Without (But for) having a proper study plan it is easy to waste time.

Without = but for= If it were not for +noun or verb+ing……….. would +inf.
Without/ But for/ If it were not for / teachers help we would not succeed.
= If teachers did not help us we would not succeed.
= Unless teachers helped us we would not succeed. Unless لو لم = If ..not)

Without=But for بدون + noun or verb+ing ………….would have +pp
Without / But for/ If it had not been for a study plan I would not have succeeded.
= Unless I had had a study plan last year I would not have succeeded.
= If I had not had a study plan last year I would not have succeeded.
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Should=If فى الحالة الاولى والثانية
*If you need help I will help you. = Should you need help I will help you.
If I had money I would buy a car. =Should I had money I would buy a car.

Were =If فىالحالة الثانية فقط
( Were) على الفاعل اذا كان الفعل الرئيسى If نقدم
*If I were a doctor I would help you. =Were I a doctor I would help you.
to+inf. اذا كان هناك فعل اخر ويقلب الفعل الى if بدلا من were تستخدم
*If he played well he would be chosen for the school team.
*Were he to play well he would be chosen for the school team.

ويتم تقديمها على الفاعل If بدلا من Had تستخدم
If Ali had got up early he would have come to school early.
Had Ali got up early he would have come to school early.