نبذة عن الماضي التام

[هتلر2006]

Past Perfect


يتكون زمن الماضي التام من [HAD] + [PAST PARTICIPLE]
................................. التصريف الثالث للفعل


:Examples




I had studied a little English when I came to the U.S

They had never met an American until they met John



استخداماته


USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in Past



يستخدم زمن الماضي التام للتعبير عن حدث انتهي في الماضي قبل حدث آخر. ممكن ان يعبر ايضا عن شيء حدث قبل وقت محدد في الماضي
The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.


EXAMPLES

I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai

؟Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 1992

Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before in 1988




(USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-continuous Verbs




يستخدم للتعبير عن شيء بدأ في الماضي و استمر الي ان حدث شيء آخر
With Non-progressive Verbs and some non-progressive uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past




EXAMPLES



We had had that car for ten years before it broke down

By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years



IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect
عند استخدام فتره زمنيه محدده مع الماضي التام


عكس المضارع التام تماما ، فإنه يمكن استخدام كلمات محددة او عبارات مع الماضي التام. وإن كان ذلك ممكنا ، فإنه عادة ما لا يكون ضروريا
Unlike the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary
She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996



ACTIVE / PASSIVE FORMS Past Perfect


George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanics license. ACTIVE

Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanics license. PASSIVE