أسئلة أحياء لغات

[physiology]

1. name the four bases in DNA and describe the structure of DNA
2. describe DNA replication
3. define recombinant DNA
4. describe the uses for recombinant DNA
5. compare and contrast the general structural composition of DNA and RNA
6. demonstrate a knowledge of the basic steps of protein synthesis, identifying the roles of DNA, mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes in the processes of transcription and translation
7. demonstrate an understanding of the following terms: metabolism, enzyme, activation energy.
8. identify the source gland for thyroxin and relate the function of thyroxin to metabolism.
9. give a function for each of the following
- teeth
- salivary glands
- esophagus
- cardiac sphincter
- stomach
- pyloric sphincter
- liver
- gall bladder
- pancreas
- small intestine
- large intestine (colon)
10. relate the following digestive enzymes to their glandular sources and describe the digestive reactions they promote:
- salivary amylase
- pancreatic amylase
- (pepsin, trypsin)
- lipase
- peptidase
- maltase
11. describe swallowing and peristalsis
12. identify the source gland for and describe the function of insulin
13. explain the role of bile in the emulsification of fats
14. distinguish between pulmonary and systemic circulation
15. demonstrate a knowledge of the path of a blood cell from the aorta through the body and back to the left ventricle
16. list the major components of plasma
17. describe the shape, function, and origin of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
18. demonstrate the measurement of blood pressure
19. distinguish between systolic and diastolic pressures
20. explain the role of cilia in the respiratory tract
21. explain the relationship between the structure and function of alveoli
22. compare and contrast the mechanics of the processes of inhalation and exhalation
23. describe the interaction of the lungs, pleural membranes, ribs, and diaphragm in the breathing process
24. identify and give functions for each of the following: dendrite, cell body, axon
25. explain the transmission of a nerve impulse through a neuron, using the following terms:
- resting and action potential
- depolarization and repolarization
- sodium and potassium gates
- sodium
- potassium pump
- recovery period
- threshold ("all-or-none response")
26. relate the structure of a myelinated nerve fibre to the speed of impulse conduction
27. relate the structure of a reflex arc to how it functions
28. differentiate between the functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system
29. identify and give functions for each of the following:
- kidney
- ureter
- urinary bladder
- renal pelvis
30. identify and give functions for each of the following:
- nephron
- glomerulus
- Bowman's capsule
- collecting duct
- loop of Henle
31. contrast the blood in the renal artery and the renal vein with respect to urea and glucose content
32. identify and give functions for each of the following:
- testes (seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells)
- epididymis
- ductus (vas) deferens
- prostate gland
- seminal vesicles
33. identify the tail, midpiece, head, and acrosome of a mature sperm and state their functions
34. identify and give a function for each of the following:
- ovaries (follicles and corpus luteum)
- oviducts (fallopian tubes)
- uterus
- cervix
- vagina
35. describe the hormonal changes that occur as a result of implantation